Thesis document - Jana Milosovicova - Urban Design English

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List of figuresCover frontLeftRight aboveRight belowSchematic diagram comparing the basic energy and water cycle characteristics of the natural environment(above) and an urban environment (middle). Image below suggests urban design implications according tothe findings in the literature review. (Graphic by Author)Wind-permeable building block in Berlin. (Flickr: Diogo CG. http://www.flickr.com/photos/11069904@N04/2129644980/sizes/o/. Accessed 7.9.2009)Castello, Berlin (Photograph by Author)Cover backDiagram of energy flows, water and wind in an idealized urban environment. (Graphic by Author)Figures in textFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3The cool moderate (temperate) climate zone ... . (http://www.diercke.de/bilder/omeda/800/12492E.jpg; www.diercke.de © Bildungshaus Schulbuchverlage Westermann, Braunschweig 2011, Accessed16.11.2010)Deforestation ... . (© GIZ / Lisa Feldmann, http://www.gtz.de/de/dateien/22748.htm, Accessed05.07.2011)... urbanization ... . (Photograph by Author)Fig. 4 “Natural” landscape ... . (Schmidt 2008)Fig. 5Urban “landscape” ... . (Photograph by Author)Fig. 6 Urban heat island profile. (Kravčík et al. 2007, p. 28)Fig. 7 Causes for UHI. (Emmanuel 2005, p. 25)Fig. 8 Values of solar radiation ... . (Kravčík et al. 2007, p. 24)Fig. 9 Global radiation balance in rural areas. (Schmidt 2010, p. 100)Fig. 10 Global radiation balance in urban areas. (Schmidt 2010, p. 101)Fig. 11Fig. 12Fig. 13Photographs of thin vegetation in the visible spectrum and in the infrared spectrum. ... . (Kravčík et al.2007, p. 27)A tree with 10 m diameter ... . (Graphic by Author)Albedo of various materials in urban environment. (http://www.ghcc.msfc.nasa.gov/urban/urban_heat_island.html.Accessed 24.8.09)Fig. 14 Photograph of the square and adjacent park in Třeboň, Czech Republic ... . (Kravčík et al. 2007, p. 33)Fig. 15 Aerial view of an industrial site in Berlin. (maps.google.com. Accessed 15.10.2010)Fig. 16Bioclimatic categorization of the same area as a “burden” area. (Environmental Atlas Berlin. Accessed15.10.2010)Fig. 17 The small and large water cycle. (Kravčík et al. 2007, p. 20)Fig. 18Extensive soil sealing in urbanized areas. (Photograph by Author)Fig. 19 The impact of the transformation of land ... . (Kravčík et al. 2007, p. 58)Fig. 20 Changes in hydrologic flows in urbanized catchments ... . (Göbel et al. 2004)Fig. 21 Global radiation balance on a green roof ... . (Schmidt 2010, p. 101)Fig. 22 The correlation of the UHI intensity and population size ... . (Matzarakis 2001, p. 55)Fig. 23 Canyon geometry and SVF. (Emmanuel 2005, p. 23)Fig. 24 Schematic distribution of the impinging solar radiation ... . (Givoni 1998, p. 248)List of figures71
Fig. 25 The ‘sky view factor’ ... . (http://www.knmi.nl/kd/weeramateurs/UHI/IMG/SVF.PNG. Accessed 2.6.2010)Fig. 26Fig. 27Fig. 28Fig. 29Fig. 30Fig. 31Fig. 32Fig. 33Fig. 34Fig. 35Fig. 36Albedo reflection and radiation absorption. (Graphic by Author)The larger the buildings’ surface in urban areas ... . (Graphic by Author)Streets parallel or in an small angle (of up to 10°) to the prevailing wind direction. (Graphic by Author)Streets oriented oblique to the prevailing wind direction. (Graphic by Author)Streets perpendicular to prevailing wind direction ... . (Graphic by Author)Air flow characteristic in urban areas. (Graphic by Author)Wedge-formed open space system ... . (Graphic by Author)Ventilation effect of a green space ... . (Graphic by Author)(Partially) opened block structure around the park Volkspark Friedrichshain ... . (maps.google.com. Accessed29.7.2010)High, enclosed houses’ front hinders ventilation ... . (http://i394.photobucket.com/albums/pp28/lynnevittorio/central-park-picture.jpg.Accessed 07.7.2011)Thoughtful planting of vegetation of certain height ... . (Graphic by Author)Fig. 37 Shelter effect. (Gandemer 1975 in CRU TUM, p. 244)Fig. 38Fig. 39Fig. 40Fig. 41Fig. 42Setback of the tower of a high-rise building or horizontal façade projections ... . (Graphic by Author)Basic principles of the thermal effect of a water body in an urban area. (Graphic by Author)High river embankments hinder cooling winds from the river channels enter the settlement. (Photographby Author)Perpendicular orientation of the buildings’ long axes to the water body ... . (Graphic by Author)Loose design of the building line on the border with an urban park or open space ... . Graphic by AuthorFig. 43 High temperatures in case of an urbanized area (above) ... . (Wong and Chen 2009)Fig. 44Schematic diagram comparing the basic energy and water cycle characteristics ... . (Graphic by Author)Fig. 45 The Chicago’s Guide to Stormwater Best Management Practices. (City of Chicago 2003)Fig. 46NYC’s High Performance Infrastructure Guidelines. (New York City Department of Design and Construction,and Design Trust for Public Space 2005)Fig. 47 Berlin’s Rainwater Management Concepts Guidelines. (SenStadt and TU Berlin 2010)Fig. 48Fig. 49Fig. 50Fig. 51Fig. 52Fig. 53Fig. 54Fig. 55Fig. 56Fig. 57Fig. 58High density settlements have a very high storage heat and anthropogenic heat load release. ... . (Sen-Stadt 2005, p. 6; © FTB Werbefotografie)City-wide ventilation channels. (Graphic by Author)Ventilation channels in urban areas as linear-oriented open spaces. (Graphic by Author)Design of the urban edge ... . (Graphic by Author)Extended access balconies ... . (http://www.provincia.bz.it/hochbau/images/0109_DSC_0170_rdax_800x450.jpg. Accessed 28.7.2010)Openings in compact urban blocks for better air circulation. (Graphic by Author)Architecture on stilts enables better ventilation near the ground and enhances the pervious area. (Graphicby Author)Flat roofs enhance ventilation at the street level. (Flickr: nicolasnova, http://www.flickr.com/photos/nnova/3557022388/sizes/o/; Accessed 7.9.2009)Solar radiation is likely to be absorbed or reflected ... . (Graphic by Author)Built design details for shading of the streetscape. (Graphic by Author)Vegetated swale in an urban streetscape in Seattle. (Image by the US Environmental Protection Agency,http://knol.google.com/k/-/-/17ruw3d8fyl4e/9auamn/bioswale-seattle.jpg. Accessed 4.12.2010)72Climate Sensitive Urban Design in Moderate Climate Zone: Responding to Future Heat Waves. Case Study Berlin Heidestrasse/Europacity
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Master’s Thesis in Urban Design:C
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ContentsAcknowledgements 5Abstract
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4Climate Sensitive Urban Design in
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Abstract Deutsch/GermanAusgehend vo
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8Climate Sensitive Urban Design in
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ing population 5 ) - more than a ha
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as the immense climatic effects of
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• Urban geometry: Tall buildings
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-°CFig. 11 Photographs of thin veg
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Fig. 14 Photograph of the square an
Page 21 and 22: the values of water balance of vari
Page 23 and 24: size, lower than in cities of North
Page 25 and 26: wave radiation towards the sky. In
Page 27 and 28: Impact of the street orientation on
Page 29 and 30: Emergingof fresh andcold air100-200
Page 31 and 32: a. b.On the other hand, a concave w
Page 33 and 34: a.b.-°C-°C50-300 m-°CNot only te
Page 35 and 36: 2.5 Literature review: Lessons lear
Page 37 and 38: 3 Climate-Sensitive Urban Design(CS
Page 39 and 40: ought in the section 3.4, are mainl
Page 41 and 42: 3.2 Proposed CSUD GuidelinesThe set
Page 43 and 44: effect of a water body reaches into
Page 45 and 46: the street);c. Option b) + some of
Page 47 and 48: • Reduce quantity of lanes, where
Page 49 and 50: 3.3 Examples of CSUD in built urban
Page 51 and 52: 3.4 Climate-Sensitive Urban Design
Page 53 and 54: a.The proposal features a number of
Page 55 and 56: Action category ‘Ventilation’Ve
Page 57 and 58: Fig. 91/P18 West-East (W-E) Section
Page 59 and 60: 4 ConclusionsBased on the need to a
Page 61 and 62: Complementing recommendations regar
Page 63 and 64: GlossaryAdiabatic coolingAlbedoAmbi
Page 65 and 66: Mitigation “Measures taken to red
Page 67 and 68: SourcesBibliographyAgenda 21, onlin
Page 69 and 70: Matzarakis, A. (2001): “Die therm
Page 71: The Physical Environment, online:
Page 75 and 76: Fig. 93Fig. 94Proposed street and c
Page 77 and 78: Appendices76Climate Sensitive Urban
Page 79 and 80: Type of landuseDirect impact and ef
Page 81 and 82: Appendix 2 City of Toronto’s Stud
Page 83 and 84: (BAF - Biotope Area Factor continue
Page 85 and 86: The building of the Institute of Ph
Page 87 and 88: Castello development, seen from Lan
Page 89 and 90: Bo01 seen from the 56th floor of th
Page 91 and 92: (Bo01, Malmöcontinued)Water is the
Page 93 and 94: Appendix 9 Posters Climate-Sensitiv
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Thesis document - Jana Milosovicova - Urban Design English

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