Offshore Electricity Infrastructure in Europe - European Wind Energy ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

FiGuRe 13.6: vOn-bRemen-map shOwinG spatial cORRelatiOn between lOcal wind pOweR time seRies and the simulated tOtal eu OFFshORe wind pOweR (leFt) OR OnshORe wind pOweR (RiGht), Full yeaR 2007 between North and South (e.g. Denmark vs. France). Besides the fact that the main wind direction is from West to East, especially the low pressure weather systems with strong wind speeds also move mainly from West to East. This leads to a correlation between England and Germany of about 0.50, in contrast to only 0.18 between France and Germany. Figure 13.6 shows the correlation of the local wind power time series with either the simulated offshore wind power (figure to the left) or onshore wind power (figure to the right) in Northern Europe, as assumed in the 2030 scenario of offshore grid. It reflects that most of the offshore capacities in the 2030 scenario OffshoreGrid – Final Report are concentrated in the Southern North Sea. In contrast to this, the onshore wind power in the scenario is more or less evenly distributed over Northern Europe. In total, wind energy is clearly concentrated in the North. This concentration will pose considerable challenges regarding the power flows in the future European electricity grid. To conclude, the analysis shows that grid interconnections between regions of low weather correlation can significantly reduce the variability of European wind power production. The North-South direction is the most interesting from correlation point of view. table 13.1: cORRelatiOn cOeFFicients between cOuntRies usinG simulated wind pOweR time seRies FOR the OFFshOReGRid 2030 wind pOweR scenaRiO (On- & OFFshORe wind tOGetheR) Be dK et Fi Fr de UK ir lA lt nl no Pl rU Se Be 100% 45% 12% 2% 59% 67% 66% 37% 20% 21% 79% 12% 28% 20% 22% dK 45% 100% 32% 17% 32% 76% 49% 20% 44% 48% 77% 44% 78% 48% 73% et 12% 32% 100% 51% 10% 18% 16% 12% 66% 66% 22% 13% 36% 45% 69% Fi 2% 17% 51% 100% 2% 6% 7% 4% 30% 34% 10% 23% 16% 19% 49% Fr 59% 32% 10% 2% 100% 37% 49% 43% 16% 18% 46% 5% 23% 17% 20% de 67% 76% 18% 6% 37% 100% 67% 26% 28% 30% 87% 40% 53% 32% 43% UK 66% 49% 16% 7% 49% 67% 100% 62% 20% 21% 74% 37% 29% 21% 27% ir 37% 20% 12% 4% 43% 26% 62% 100% 13% 14% 33% 14% 15% 13% 13% lA 20% 44% 66% 30% 16% 28% 20% 13% 100% 89% 32% 15% 55% 74% 69% lt 21% 48% 66% 34% 18% 30% 21% 14% 89% 100% 34% 17% 61% 88% 72% nl 79% 77% 22% 10% 46% 87% 74% 33% 32% 34% 100% 36% 50% 34% 49% no 12% 44% 13% 23% 5% 40% 37% 14% 15% 17% 36% 100% 24% 16% 30% Pl 28% 78% 36% 16% 23% 53% 29% 15% 55% 61% 50% 24% 100% 65% 73% rU 20% 48% 45% 19% 17% 32% 21% 13% 74% 88% 34% 16% 65% 100% 59% Se 22% 73% 69% 49% 20% 43% 27% 13% 69% 72% 49% 30% 73% 59% 100% 131 –1 –0.9 –0.8 –0.7 –0.6 –0.5 –0.4 –0.3 –0.2 –0.1 –0
Annex d – details of results FiGuRe 13.7: minimum beneFicial distance FROm the wind FaRm tO shORe FOR diFFeRent inteRcOnnectOR capacities [km]. (aveRaGe absOlute pRice diFFeRence OF €7.5, distance wF tO inteRcOnnectOR OF 40km, unbalanced FlOw with 30% OF pRice diFFeRence FlOwinG tOwaRds One cOuntRy) Minimum distance WF to shore (km) 1,500 1,200 900 600 300 0 100 200 Area A Area B Area C 300 Spatial correlations of wind power production between countries With the simulated wind power time series, also the spatial correlations between individual countries have been investigated. The results are shown in Table 13.1, which confirms the findings explained above. These figures can be used in the preliminary assessment of new interconnectors that are meant for trading wind power. D.II Case-independent model – sensitivity analysis 400 The case-independent model was built in order to carry out pre-analysis of beneficial cases of hub-tohub connections and tee-in connections. Furthermore the results of case-independent model can serve as quick guidelines for the modular offshore grid development and can give insight to policy decision makers, stakeholders, TSOs and interconnector and wind farm developers. The case-independent model analyses the benefits of a project compared to the conventional solution. The model takes into account a variety of parameters that influence the results. If the parameters of the project 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Wind farm capacity (MW) 1,500 MW interconnector 1,000 MW interconnector 500 MW interconnector are known, the reader can position his project within the field of parameters and read the economic viability of the project from the results given. The model is explained below but the detailed results are available on www.offshoregrid.eu due to the large amount of data. D.II.I Sensitivity analysis on the benefit of tee-in solutions Impact of interconnector capacity The impact of the interconnector capacity on the break-even distance is different for different wind farm capacities. These can be divided in three areas, as can be seen in Figure 13.7: • Area A: Wind farm capacities up to the interconnector capacity of 500 MW. For wind farms with a small capacity, the break-even distances are equal for every interconnector capacity. The part of the interconnection capacity which is higher than the wind farm capacity is unconstrained in both the conventional solution as the tee-in solution. It does therefore not lead to a difference in the minimum beneficial distance. 132 OffshoreGrid – Final Report 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Page 1 and 2:
OffshoreGrid: Offshore Electricity
Page 3 and 4:
PRINcIPAl AUThORS: Jan De Decker, P
Page 5 and 6:
Table of contents FOREWORd 6 EXEcUT
Page 7 and 8:
FOREWORD The OffshoreGrid project i
Page 9 and 10:
Executive Summary I. The OffshoreGr
Page 11 and 12:
Executive Summary and TYNDP interco
Page 13 and 14:
Executive Summary One of the keys t
Page 15 and 16:
Executive Summary Splitting wind fa
Page 17 and 18:
Executive Summary 16 OffshoreGrid -
Page 19 and 20:
introduction 1.1 Context and backgr
Page 21 and 22:
introduction TAblE 1.1: STAkEhOldER
Page 23 and 24:
Key Assumptions and Scenarios In th
Page 25 and 26:
Key Assumptions and Scenarios FIGUR
Page 27 and 28:
Key Assumptions and Scenarios Curre
Page 29 and 30:
Methodology - Simulation inputs and
Page 31 and 32:
Methodology - Simulation inputs and
Page 33 and 34:
esults This chapter explains and su
Page 35 and 36:
esults (figure to the right) in Nor
Page 37 and 38:
esults 4.2.1 Hubs and individual co
Page 39 and 40:
esults The Baltic Sea is still a ra
Page 41 and 42:
esults connections to shore where t
Page 43 and 44:
esults 4.2.4 Conclusion and discuss
Page 45 and 46:
esults and NordSee Ost Group into t
Page 47 and 48:
esults 1986 (the Cross Channel link
Page 49 and 50:
esults UK-Germany connection are re
Page 51 and 52:
esults tee-in solution becomes pref
Page 53 and 54:
esults • Large wind farms (capaci
Page 55 and 56:
esults • Very large wind farm hub
Page 57 and 58:
esults • A three-leg interconnect
Page 59 and 60:
esults 4.5 Overall grid design 4.5.
Page 61 and 62:
esults connectors that were benefic
Page 63 and 64:
esults connections were tested in m
Page 65 and 66:
esults existing HVDC converters at
Page 67 and 68:
esults direct and integrated) ident
Page 69 and 70:
esults configuration were rated dif
Page 71 and 72:
esults FIGURE 4.31: cOMPARISON OF c
Page 73 and 74:
esults farm connections, the reduct
Page 75 and 76:
esults Overall design comparison Fi
Page 77 and 78:
esults • Costs and benefits of th
Page 79 and 80:
esults • There are other connecti
Page 81 and 82: esults These merits also hold for t
Page 83 and 84: Towards an Offshore Grid - Further
Page 91 and 92: conclusions and recommendations The
Page 93 and 94: conclusions and recommendations •
Page 95 and 96: conclusions and recommendations •
Page 97 and 98: conclusions and recommendations 6.5
Page 99 and 100: conclusions and recommendations 98
Page 101 and 102: Acknowledgements and Funding The Of
Page 103 and 104: eferences [1] Weather Research and
Page 105 and 106: eferences [47] Observatoire Médite
Page 107 and 108: Annex A - Scenario details A.I Offs
Page 109 and 110: Annex A - Scenario details A.II Pri
Page 111 and 112: Annex A - Scenario details 2008 sce
Page 113 and 114: Annex A - Scenario details Due to t
Page 115 and 116: Annex B -technology Assumptions B.I
Page 117 and 118: Annex B -technology Assumptions tab
Page 119 and 120: Annex c - details on Methodology an
Page 121 and 122: Annex c - details on the Methodolog
Page 129 and 130: Annex d - details of results D.I Wi
Page 131: Annex d - details of results FiGuRe
Page 135 and 136: Annex d - details of results infras
Page 137 and 138: Annex d - details of results FiGuRe
Page 139 and 140: Annex d - details of results table
Page 141 and 142: Annex d - details of results table
Page 143 and 144: Annexes coal and gas, there is a de
Page 145 and 146: Annex e - regulatory Frameworks and
Page 147 and 148: Annex F - transfer to the Mediterra
show all

Offshore Electricity Infrastructure in Europe - European Wind Energy ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?