Offshore Electricity Infrastructure in Europe - European Wind Energy ...

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Offshore Electricity Grid Infrastructure in Europe A Techno-Economic Assessment 3E (coordinator), dena, EWEA, ForWind, IEO, NTUA, Senergy, SINTEF Final Report, October 2011
PRINcIPAl AUThORS: Jan De Decker, Paul Kreutzkamp (3E, coordinator) AUThORS: 3E (coordinator): Jan De Decker, Paul Kreutzkamp, Pieter Joseph, Achim Woyte Senergy Econnect: Simon Cowdroy, Peter McGarley SINTEF: Leif Warland, Harald Svendsen dena: Jakob Völker, Carolin Funk, Hannes Peinl ForWind:Jens Tambke, Lüder von Bremen IEO: Katarzyna Michalowska NTUA: George Caralis MAIN REvIEWERS: 3E (coordinator): Jan De Decker, Paul Kreutzkamp, Natalie Picot dena: Jakob Völker EWEA: Sharon Wokke, Christian Kjaer, Jacopo Moccia, Frans Van Hulle, Paul Wilczek, Justin Wilkes EdITING: EWEA: Sarah Azau, Zoë Casey, Tom Rowe AckNOWlEdGEMENTS: Wilfried Breuer (Siemens), Paul Carter (SLP Engineering), Manuela Conconi (EWEA), Frederik Deloof (Secretariat Benelux), Frédéric Dunon (Elia), Dana Dutianu (EC), Rafael E. Bonchang (Alstom Grid), Claire Grandadam (3E), Jan Hensmans (FOD Economie), Andrea Hercsuth (EC), Matthias Kirchner (Nexans), Niels Ladefoged (EC), Nico Nolte (BSH), Antje Orths (Energinet. dk), Glória Rodrigues (EWEA), Fabian Scharf (BNetzA), Christophe Schramm (EC), Alberto Schultze (Siemens), Ravi Srikandam (arepo consult), Guenter Stark (ABB), Gina Van Dijk (Tennet), Heleen Van Hoof (VREG), Jan van den Berg (Tennet), Teun Van Biert (Tennet), Karina Veum (ECN), Bo Westman (ABB) design: www.mardi.be; Print: www.artoos.be; Production coordination: Raffaella Bianchin, Cristina Rubio (EWEA); cover photo: Detlev Gehring/ Stiftung Offshore Windenergie Agreement n.: EIE/08/780/SI2.528573 Duration: May 2009 – October 2011 Co-ordinator: 3E The sole responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. Neither the EACI nor the European Commission are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained in this publication. 2 OffshoreGrid – Final Report
Page 1: OffshoreGrid: Offshore Electricity
Page 5 and 6: Table of contents FOREWORd 6 EXEcUT
Page 7 and 8: FOREWORD The OffshoreGrid project i
Page 9 and 10: Executive Summary I. The OffshoreGr
Page 11 and 12: Executive Summary and TYNDP interco
Page 13 and 14: Executive Summary One of the keys t
Page 15 and 16: Executive Summary Splitting wind fa
Page 17 and 18: Executive Summary 16 OffshoreGrid -
Page 19 and 20: introduction 1.1 Context and backgr
Page 21 and 22: introduction TAblE 1.1: STAkEhOldER
Page 23 and 24: Key Assumptions and Scenarios In th
Page 25 and 26: Key Assumptions and Scenarios FIGUR
Page 27 and 28: Key Assumptions and Scenarios Curre
Page 29 and 30: Methodology - Simulation inputs and
Page 31 and 32: Methodology - Simulation inputs and
Page 33 and 34: esults This chapter explains and su
Page 35 and 36: esults (figure to the right) in Nor
Page 37 and 38: esults 4.2.1 Hubs and individual co
Page 39 and 40: esults The Baltic Sea is still a ra
Page 41 and 42: esults connections to shore where t
Page 43 and 44: esults 4.2.4 Conclusion and discuss
Page 45 and 46: esults and NordSee Ost Group into t
Page 47 and 48: esults 1986 (the Cross Channel link
Page 49 and 50: esults UK-Germany connection are re
Page 51 and 52: esults tee-in solution becomes pref
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esults • Large wind farms (capaci
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esults • Very large wind farm hub
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esults • A three-leg interconnect
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esults 4.5 Overall grid design 4.5.
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esults connectors that were benefic
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esults connections were tested in m
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esults existing HVDC converters at
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esults direct and integrated) ident
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esults configuration were rated dif
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esults FIGURE 4.31: cOMPARISON OF c
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esults farm connections, the reduct
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esults Overall design comparison Fi
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esults • Costs and benefits of th
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esults • There are other connecti
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esults These merits also hold for t
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Towards an Offshore Grid - Further
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conclusions and recommendations The
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conclusions and recommendations •
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conclusions and recommendations •
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conclusions and recommendations 6.5
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conclusions and recommendations 98
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Acknowledgements and Funding The Of
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eferences [1] Weather Research and
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eferences [47] Observatoire Médite
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Annex A - Scenario details A.I Offs
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Annex A - Scenario details A.II Pri
Page 111 and 112:
Annex A - Scenario details 2008 sce
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Annex A - Scenario details Due to t
Page 115 and 116:
Annex B -technology Assumptions B.I
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Annex B -technology Assumptions tab
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Annex c - details on Methodology an
Page 121 and 122:
Annex c - details on the Methodolog
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Annex d - details of results D.I Wi
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Annex d - details of results FiGuRe
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Annex d - details of results infras
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Page 139 and 140:
Annex d - details of results table
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Annex d - details of results table
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Annexes coal and gas, there is a de
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Annex e - regulatory Frameworks and
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Annex F - transfer to the Mediterra
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Page 153 and 154:
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