Offshore Electricity Infrastructure in Europe - European Wind Energy ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

ResulTs • Wind output statistics • Wind farm hubs versus individual connections • integrated design – case studies • integrated design – case-independent model • Overall grid design Photo: Dong Energy
esults This chapter explains and summarises the results of the OffshoreGrid project. It focuses first on the statistics of the wind output (Section 4.1) when aggregated over larger regions via an offshore grid. The effect of smoothing is analysed, and concrete figures are provided on the correlation of the wind resource between countries, which is very useful for analysing the effect of interconnections. Secondly, an evaluation of wind farm hubs is carried out in Section 4.2. This section analyses in which cases and under which circumstances wind farms should be grouped in hubs before they are connected to the shore. The impact on connection costs for the developed offshore wind scenario is investigated. Furthermore, the risk of stranded investments is assessed. Section 4.3 analyses the possibilities for integrated designs, the basics of an offshore grid. The focus is put on two basic designs which form the building blocks of any future offshore grid design; the teeing-in of wind farms into interconnectors, and the interconnection of countries via offshore wind farm hubs. The section looks into specific cases. Average variation over time interval (% of maximum capacity) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 With the help of a specially developed case-independent model, a thorough sensitivity analysis is done in Section 4.4. This leads to further insight into the drivers and concrete design guidelines. By means of a detailed iterative modelling process, taking into account the results from the previous sections, Section 4.5 shows what the offshore grid in Northern Europe could look like. Two design methodologies have been compared and lead to important conclusions on how to approach the modular building of an offshore grid. 4.1 Wind output statistics 4.1.1 Spatial smoothing of wind power There are several techno-economic benefits directly linked to an offshore grid as outlined in the introduction. One of these benefits is the additional interconnection of wind energy generation centres across Europe which smoothes wind energy variability giving it a FIGURE 4.1: AvERAGE vARIATION IN WINd POWER OUTPUT OvER dIFFERENT TIME INTERvAlS [% OF INSTAllEd cAPAcITY] 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 Time interval for the variation (hours) Total Onshore (Total) BE+NO (offshore) UK (offshore) Offshore (Total) DE+UK (offshore NO (offshore) 10 Note that a clear day-night pattern (24h interval) can be identified for the total onshore and total wind power production. DE (offshore) BE (offshore) 32 OffshoreGrid – Final Report
Page 1 and 2: OffshoreGrid: Offshore Electricity
Page 3 and 4: PRINcIPAl AUThORS: Jan De Decker, P
Page 5 and 6: Table of contents FOREWORd 6 EXEcUT
Page 7 and 8: FOREWORD The OffshoreGrid project i
Page 9 and 10: Executive Summary I. The OffshoreGr
Page 11 and 12: Executive Summary and TYNDP interco
Page 13 and 14: Executive Summary One of the keys t
Page 15 and 16: Executive Summary Splitting wind fa
Page 17 and 18: Executive Summary 16 OffshoreGrid -
Page 19 and 20: introduction 1.1 Context and backgr
Page 21 and 22: introduction TAblE 1.1: STAkEhOldER
Page 23 and 24: Key Assumptions and Scenarios In th
Page 25 and 26: Key Assumptions and Scenarios FIGUR
Page 27 and 28: Key Assumptions and Scenarios Curre
Page 29 and 30: Methodology - Simulation inputs and
Page 31: Methodology - Simulation inputs and
Page 35 and 36: esults (figure to the right) in Nor
Page 37 and 38: esults 4.2.1 Hubs and individual co
Page 39 and 40: esults The Baltic Sea is still a ra
Page 41 and 42: esults connections to shore where t
Page 43 and 44: esults 4.2.4 Conclusion and discuss
Page 45 and 46: esults and NordSee Ost Group into t
Page 47 and 48: esults 1986 (the Cross Channel link
Page 49 and 50: esults UK-Germany connection are re
Page 51 and 52: esults tee-in solution becomes pref
Page 53 and 54: esults • Large wind farms (capaci
Page 55 and 56: esults • Very large wind farm hub
Page 57 and 58: esults • A three-leg interconnect
Page 59 and 60: esults 4.5 Overall grid design 4.5.
Page 61 and 62: esults connectors that were benefic
Page 63 and 64: esults connections were tested in m
Page 65 and 66: esults existing HVDC converters at
Page 67 and 68: esults direct and integrated) ident
Page 69 and 70: esults configuration were rated dif
Page 71 and 72: esults FIGURE 4.31: cOMPARISON OF c
Page 73 and 74: esults farm connections, the reduct
Page 75 and 76: esults Overall design comparison Fi
Page 77 and 78: esults • Costs and benefits of th
Page 79 and 80: esults • There are other connecti
Page 81 and 82: esults These merits also hold for t
Page 83 and 84:
Towards an Offshore Grid - Further
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
conclusions and recommendations The
Page 93 and 94:
conclusions and recommendations •
Page 95 and 96:
conclusions and recommendations •
Page 97 and 98:
conclusions and recommendations 6.5
Page 99 and 100:
conclusions and recommendations 98
Page 101 and 102:
Acknowledgements and Funding The Of
Page 103 and 104:
eferences [1] Weather Research and
Page 105 and 106:
eferences [47] Observatoire Médite
Page 107 and 108:
Annex A - Scenario details A.I Offs
Page 109 and 110:
Annex A - Scenario details A.II Pri
Page 111 and 112:
Annex A - Scenario details 2008 sce
Page 113 and 114:
Annex A - Scenario details Due to t
Page 115 and 116:
Annex B -technology Assumptions B.I
Page 117 and 118:
Annex B -technology Assumptions tab
Page 119 and 120:
Annex c - details on Methodology an
Page 121 and 122:
Annex c - details on the Methodolog
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Annex d - details of results D.I Wi
Page 131 and 132:
Annex d - details of results FiGuRe
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Annex d - details of results infras
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Annex d - details of results table
Page 141 and 142:
Annex d - details of results table
Page 143 and 144:
Annexes coal and gas, there is a de
Page 145 and 146:
Annex e - regulatory Frameworks and
Page 147 and 148:
Annex F - transfer to the Mediterra
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
show all

Offshore Electricity Infrastructure in Europe - European Wind Energy ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?