Offshore Electricity Infrastructure in Europe - European Wind Energy ...

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COORDINATOR PROjeCT PARTNeRs: The Deutsche Energie-Agentur GmbH (dena) - the German Energy Agency - is the centre of expertise for energy efficiency, renewable energy sources and intelligent energy systems. www.dena.de IEO: Institute for Renewable Energy is a Polish independent consultancy company and a think tank, linking research, technology and policy development activities in the area of renewable energy. www.ieo.pl Supported by OffshoreGrid – Final Report 3E is a global, independent renewable energy consultancy, providing full-scope technical and strategic guidance in wind (on & offshore), solar, grids and power markets. www.3e.eu The European Wind Energy Association (EWEA) is the voice of the wind industry, actively promoting the utilisation of wind power in Europe and worldwide. www.ewea.org NTUA-RENES: The Renewable Energy Sources unit is an educational and research unit in the National Technical University of Athens dedicated to the promotion of renewable energy sources. www.ntua.gr SINTEF Energy Research is a Norwegian research institute that develops solutions for electricity generation and transformation, distribution and end-use of energy, onshore and offshore/subsea. www.sintef.no ForWind, the joint centre for wind energy research of the universities of Oldenburg, Hannover and Bremen is one of Europe’s leading academic institutions for all aspects of wind energy, from turbine design to large-scale wind flow simulations. www.forwind.de Senergy Econnect specialise in the electrical connection of renewable energy projects to grid networks; from initial concept, to design and commissioning worldwide. www.senergyworld.com 3
Table of contents FOREWORd 6 EXEcUTIvE SUMMARY 7 1 INTROdUcTION 17 1.1 Context and background 18 1.2 Objective of OffshoreGrid 19 1.3 Methodology and approach 19 1.4 Stakeholders 19 1.5 Document structure 20 2 kEY ASSUMPTIONS ANd ScENARIOS 21 2.1 Offshore wind development scenarios in Northern Europe 22 2.2 Generation capacity and commodity price scenarios 23 2.3 Technology to connect offshore wind energy 25 3 METhOdOlOGY - SIMUlATION INPUTS ANd MOdElS 27 3.1 Wind power series model 28 3.2 Power market and power flow model 29 3.3 Infrastructure cost model 29 3.4 Case-independent model 30 4 RESUlTS 31 4.1 Wind output statistics 32 4.1.1 Spatial smoothing of wind power 32 4.1.2 Spatial power correlations 33 4.2 Wind farm hubs versus individual connections 35 4.2.1 Hubs and individual connections in the sea basins in Northern Europe 36 4.2.2 Overall cost reductions expected from shared connections via hubs 39 4.2.3 Scheduled wind farm connection – risk of stranded hub investments 40 4.2.4 Conclusion and Discussion on Hubs versus Individual Connections 42 4.3 Integrated design – case studies 42 4.3.1 Tee-in solutions – Case study evaluation 43 4.3.2 Hub-to-hub solutions – Case study evaluation 46 4.4 Integrated design – case-independent model 49 4.4.1 Minimum distance for tee-in solution 49 4.4.2 Maximum distance between hubs for integrated hub solution 52 4.4.3 The Cobra cable case study 55 4.4.4 Conclusion on integrated design 57 4.5 Overall grid design 58 4.5.1 Approach 58 4.5.2 The Direct Design methodology 59 4.5.3 The Split Design methodology 64 4.5.4 Comparison of methodologies 69 4.5.5 Infrastructure investment – circuit length and total costs 74 4.5.6 Power system impact of the offshore grid 77 4.5.7 Conclusion and discussion 78 4 OffshoreGrid – Final Report
Page 1 and 2: OffshoreGrid: Offshore Electricity
Page 3: PRINcIPAl AUThORS: Jan De Decker, P
Page 7 and 8: FOREWORD The OffshoreGrid project i
Page 9 and 10: Executive Summary I. The OffshoreGr
Page 11 and 12: Executive Summary and TYNDP interco
Page 13 and 14: Executive Summary One of the keys t
Page 15 and 16: Executive Summary Splitting wind fa
Page 17 and 18: Executive Summary 16 OffshoreGrid -
Page 19 and 20: introduction 1.1 Context and backgr
Page 21 and 22: introduction TAblE 1.1: STAkEhOldER
Page 23 and 24: Key Assumptions and Scenarios In th
Page 25 and 26: Key Assumptions and Scenarios FIGUR
Page 27 and 28: Key Assumptions and Scenarios Curre
Page 29 and 30: Methodology - Simulation inputs and
Page 31 and 32: Methodology - Simulation inputs and
Page 33 and 34: esults This chapter explains and su
Page 35 and 36: esults (figure to the right) in Nor
Page 37 and 38: esults 4.2.1 Hubs and individual co
Page 39 and 40: esults The Baltic Sea is still a ra
Page 41 and 42: esults connections to shore where t
Page 43 and 44: esults 4.2.4 Conclusion and discuss
Page 45 and 46: esults and NordSee Ost Group into t
Page 47 and 48: esults 1986 (the Cross Channel link
Page 49 and 50: esults UK-Germany connection are re
Page 51 and 52: esults tee-in solution becomes pref
Page 53 and 54: esults • Large wind farms (capaci
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esults • Very large wind farm hub
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esults • A three-leg interconnect
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esults 4.5 Overall grid design 4.5.
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esults connectors that were benefic
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esults connections were tested in m
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esults existing HVDC converters at
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esults direct and integrated) ident
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esults configuration were rated dif
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esults FIGURE 4.31: cOMPARISON OF c
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esults farm connections, the reduct
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esults Overall design comparison Fi
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esults • Costs and benefits of th
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esults • There are other connecti
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esults These merits also hold for t
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Towards an Offshore Grid - Further
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conclusions and recommendations The
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conclusions and recommendations •
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conclusions and recommendations •
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conclusions and recommendations 6.5
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conclusions and recommendations 98
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Acknowledgements and Funding The Of
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eferences [1] Weather Research and
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eferences [47] Observatoire Médite
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Annex A - Scenario details A.I Offs
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Annex A - Scenario details A.II Pri
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Annex A - Scenario details 2008 sce
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Annex A - Scenario details Due to t
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Annex B -technology Assumptions B.I
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Annex B -technology Assumptions tab
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Annex c - details on Methodology an
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Annex c - details on the Methodolog
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Annex d - details of results D.I Wi
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Annex d - details of results FiGuRe
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Annex d - details of results infras
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Annex d - details of results table
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Annex d - details of results table
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Annexes coal and gas, there is a de
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Annex e - regulatory Frameworks and
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Annex F - transfer to the Mediterra
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