Offshore Electricity Infrastructure in Europe - European Wind Energy ...

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The overall Split Design reduces the system costs by €15.8 bn across 25 years for a total investment cost of €5.4 bn. 4.5.4 Comparison of methodologies It should be highlighted that both the Direct Design and the Split Design methodology lead to significant net benefits. Immediately the question raises which of the two leads to the most cost-efficient offshore grid design. Such a comparison would be most sound on an equal basis: either with equal total cumulative costs in order to see which design brings the most reduction in system cost, or with equal total system cost reduction in order to identify which design has the lowest CAPEX. In our case where neither equal system reduction costs nor equal CAPEX are given, comparison of relative benefits by evaluating the reduction in system cost per invested euro is most useful. In the following paragraphs, a comparison is made based both on relative and absolute terms 36 . However, first of all it is instructive to shortly analyse the in- 36 Please note that the overall cumulative investment costs and the reduction in system generation costs shown in Figure 4.30 to Figure 4.34 only consider the investments made for the steps described in paragraphs 4.5.2 and 4.5.3. The total costs of the overall grid design are further detailed in section 4.5.5. A number of cases does not follow this general rule. OffshoreGrid – Final Report Split Design Methodology - newly installed in each step Direct design - newly installed in each step terconnector capacities that come along with the two design approaches. Interconnection capacity – comparison for the direct and split design approach OffshoreGrid starts to develop an overall grid design based on the Hub Base Case scenario 2030. This scenario includes all existing grid infrastructure and adds the connection of all 2030 offshore wind farms with individual connections and hub connections where beneficial. The existing infrastructure exhibits an offshore interconnection transmission capacity in Northern Europe of about 8 GW. Furthermore the planned interconnectors of the ENTSO-E TYNDP were added, which represent further offshore interconnection capacity of 8 GW. Thus, the overall grid design development within OffshoreGrid starts with an offshore interconnection capacity of 16 GW. Based on this the overall grid design is developed with the Direct and Split Design methodologies in three steps as aforementioned. FIGURE 4.30: cOMPARISON ThE cAPAcITY OF All EUROPEAN INTERcONNEcTORS TOdAY, WITh ThE ENTSO-E TYNdP INTERcONNEcTORS, WITh ThE ThREE STEPS OF ThE dIREcT ANd SPlIT dESING METhOdOlOGY Offshore interconnection capacity (GW) 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 Existing Offshore Interconnector Capacity ENTSO-E TYNDP Step 1 Direct or Split design Step 2 Hub-to-hub and Tee-in Step 3 Mesh Split Design - cumulative Direct Design - cumulative 69
esults FIGURE 4.31: cOMPARISON OF cAPEX SPENd PER INTERcONNEcTION, FOR ThE dIREcT ANd SPlIT OFFShORE GRId dESIGN METhOdOlOGIES (€ bN) Costs per interconnection (€bn) 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 FIGURE 4.32: cOMPARISON OF ANNUAl REdUcTION IN SYSTEM cOSTS PER INTERcONNEcTION, FOR ThE dIREcT ANd SPlIT OFFShORE GRId dESIGN METhOdOlOGIES (€ bN) Reduction in system generation costs per interconnection (€bn) 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0 Base case Direct Design Split Design Base case Direct Design Split Design SE-DE SE-DE FI-EE FI-EE SE-PL SE-PL SE-DK SE-DK SE-LV Direct interconnections Omitted as not bene�cial SE-LV Direct interconnections Omitted as not bene�cial GB-FR GB-FR SE-DE SE-DE GB-BE Split Design Direct Design GB-BE GB-FR Split Design Direct Design 70 OffshoreGrid – Final Report GB-FR SE-PL SE-PL SE-DK SE-DK IE-FR Split interconnections Hub-to-hub and Tee-in Mesh IE-FR Split interconnections Hub-to-hub and Tee-in Mesh IE-GB IE-GB GB-BE GB-BE NO-NL NO-NL SE-DK SE-DK NL-GB NL-GB GB-DE GB-DE Mesh Mesh
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OffshoreGrid: Offshore Electricity
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PRINcIPAl AUThORS: Jan De Decker, P
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Table of contents FOREWORd 6 EXEcUT
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FOREWORD The OffshoreGrid project i
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Executive Summary I. The OffshoreGr
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Executive Summary and TYNDP interco
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Executive Summary One of the keys t
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Executive Summary Splitting wind fa
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Executive Summary 16 OffshoreGrid -
Page 19 and 20: introduction 1.1 Context and backgr
Page 21 and 22: introduction TAblE 1.1: STAkEhOldER
Page 23 and 24: Key Assumptions and Scenarios In th
Page 25 and 26: Key Assumptions and Scenarios FIGUR
Page 27 and 28: Key Assumptions and Scenarios Curre
Page 29 and 30: Methodology - Simulation inputs and
Page 31 and 32: Methodology - Simulation inputs and
Page 33 and 34: esults This chapter explains and su
Page 35 and 36: esults (figure to the right) in Nor
Page 37 and 38: esults 4.2.1 Hubs and individual co
Page 39 and 40: esults The Baltic Sea is still a ra
Page 41 and 42: esults connections to shore where t
Page 43 and 44: esults 4.2.4 Conclusion and discuss
Page 45 and 46: esults and NordSee Ost Group into t
Page 47 and 48: esults 1986 (the Cross Channel link
Page 49 and 50: esults UK-Germany connection are re
Page 51 and 52: esults tee-in solution becomes pref
Page 53 and 54: esults • Large wind farms (capaci
Page 55 and 56: esults • Very large wind farm hub
Page 57 and 58: esults • A three-leg interconnect
Page 59 and 60: esults 4.5 Overall grid design 4.5.
Page 61 and 62: esults connectors that were benefic
Page 63 and 64: esults connections were tested in m
Page 65 and 66: esults existing HVDC converters at
Page 67 and 68: esults direct and integrated) ident
Page 69: esults configuration were rated dif
Page 73 and 74: esults farm connections, the reduct
Page 75 and 76: esults Overall design comparison Fi
Page 77 and 78: esults • Costs and benefits of th
Page 79 and 80: esults • There are other connecti
Page 81 and 82: esults These merits also hold for t
Page 83 and 84: Towards an Offshore Grid - Further
Page 91 and 92: conclusions and recommendations The
Page 93 and 94: conclusions and recommendations •
Page 95 and 96: conclusions and recommendations •
Page 97 and 98: conclusions and recommendations 6.5
Page 99 and 100: conclusions and recommendations 98
Page 101 and 102: Acknowledgements and Funding The Of
Page 103 and 104: eferences [1] Weather Research and
Page 105 and 106: eferences [47] Observatoire Médite
Page 107 and 108: Annex A - Scenario details A.I Offs
Page 109 and 110: Annex A - Scenario details A.II Pri
Page 111 and 112: Annex A - Scenario details 2008 sce
Page 113 and 114: Annex A - Scenario details Due to t
Page 115 and 116: Annex B -technology Assumptions B.I
Page 117 and 118: Annex B -technology Assumptions tab
Page 119 and 120: Annex c - details on Methodology an
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Annex c - details on the Methodolog
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Annex d - details of results D.I Wi
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Annex d - details of results FiGuRe
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Annex d - details of results infras
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Annex d - details of results table
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Annex d - details of results table
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Annexes coal and gas, there is a de
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Annex e - regulatory Frameworks and
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Annex F - transfer to the Mediterra
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