Offshore Electricity Infrastructure in Europe - European Wind Energy ...

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5 TOWARdS AN OFFShORE GRId – FURThER cONSIdERATIONS 81 5.1 Challenges and barriers 82 5.1.1 Operation and maintenance of an offshore grid and further technical challenges 82 5.1.2 Regulatory framework and policy 84 5.1.3 Market challenges and financing 86 5.1.4 Supply chain 86 5.2 Ongoing policy and industry initiatives 87 6 cONclUSIONS ANd REcOMMENdATIONS 89 6.1 Wind farm hubs 90 6.2 Tee-in solutions 91 6.3 Hub-to-hub solutions 92 6.4 Overall grid design 94 6.5 Overall recommendations 96 7 AckNOWlEdGEMENTS ANd FUNdING 99 8 REFERENcES 101 OffshoreGrid – Final Report 5
FOREWORD The OffshoreGrid project is the first in-depth analysis of how to build a cost-efficient grid in the North and Baltic Seas. As such, it is a compelling milestone in the development of a secure, interconnected European power system, able to integrate increasing amounts of renewable energy. The need for cleaner and safer energy supplies to counter climate change is clear. Renewable power is key to achieving Europe’s 20-20-20 targets and to cope with energy related challenges far beyond 2020. Offshore wind, in particular, has tremendous potential. It could generate more than 500 TWh per year by 2030, enough electricity to meet 15% of Europe’s yearly electricity consumption. However, reaching these goals and moving towards an efficient, integrated European electricity market will not be possible without a reliable, modernised and efficient grid, both onshore and offshore. Onshore, this means significant investments to strengthen current infrastructure, which faces strong public opposition and lengthy project lead times. Offshore, the challenge is to more efficiently connect power harvested at sea with the onshore transmission system, while at the same time building a system which can actively contribute to stability and security of supply by enabling further integration of the European power market. A coherent European long-term vision for both the onshore and offshore electricity grid is a prerequisite to make the required steps in an optimal way. The OffshoreGrid project results are a practical blueprint for policymakers, developers and transmission grid operators, to plan and design a meshed offshore grid. They provide explicit guidance for individual projects while not losing sight of the overall grid design. The analysis of costs and benefits of different configurations addressed in this study will help policy makers and regulators anticipate developments and provide incentives that trigger the necessary investments at the right time and avoid stranded investments. Taking the OffshoreGrid results as basis for discussion, a concrete roadmap for a grid at sea can be developed involving all stakeholders. With today’s fast developments in the offshore wind industry, now is our opportunity. Geert Palmers, CEO, 3E 6 OffshoreGrid – Final Report
Page 1 and 2: OffshoreGrid: Offshore Electricity
Page 3 and 4: PRINcIPAl AUThORS: Jan De Decker, P
Page 5: Table of contents FOREWORd 6 EXEcUT
Page 9 and 10: Executive Summary I. The OffshoreGr
Page 11 and 12: Executive Summary and TYNDP interco
Page 13 and 14: Executive Summary One of the keys t
Page 15 and 16: Executive Summary Splitting wind fa
Page 17 and 18: Executive Summary 16 OffshoreGrid -
Page 19 and 20: introduction 1.1 Context and backgr
Page 21 and 22: introduction TAblE 1.1: STAkEhOldER
Page 23 and 24: Key Assumptions and Scenarios In th
Page 25 and 26: Key Assumptions and Scenarios FIGUR
Page 27 and 28: Key Assumptions and Scenarios Curre
Page 29 and 30: Methodology - Simulation inputs and
Page 31 and 32: Methodology - Simulation inputs and
Page 33 and 34: esults This chapter explains and su
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Page 37 and 38: esults 4.2.1 Hubs and individual co
Page 39 and 40: esults The Baltic Sea is still a ra
Page 41 and 42: esults connections to shore where t
Page 43 and 44: esults 4.2.4 Conclusion and discuss
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Page 47 and 48: esults 1986 (the Cross Channel link
Page 49 and 50: esults UK-Germany connection are re
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Page 53 and 54: esults • Large wind farms (capaci
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esults • A three-leg interconnect
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esults 4.5 Overall grid design 4.5.
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esults connectors that were benefic
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esults connections were tested in m
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esults existing HVDC converters at
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esults direct and integrated) ident
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esults configuration were rated dif
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esults FIGURE 4.31: cOMPARISON OF c
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esults farm connections, the reduct
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esults Overall design comparison Fi
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esults • Costs and benefits of th
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esults • There are other connecti
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esults These merits also hold for t
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Towards an Offshore Grid - Further
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conclusions and recommendations The
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conclusions and recommendations •
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conclusions and recommendations •
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conclusions and recommendations 6.5
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conclusions and recommendations 98
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Acknowledgements and Funding The Of
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eferences [1] Weather Research and
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eferences [47] Observatoire Médite
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Annex A - Scenario details A.I Offs
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Annex A - Scenario details A.II Pri
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Annex A - Scenario details 2008 sce
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Annex A - Scenario details Due to t
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Annex B -technology Assumptions B.I
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Annex B -technology Assumptions tab
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Annex c - details on Methodology an
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Annex c - details on the Methodolog
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Annex d - details of results D.I Wi
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Annex d - details of results FiGuRe
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Annex d - details of results infras
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Annex d - details of results table
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Annex d - details of results table
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Annexes coal and gas, there is a de
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Annex e - regulatory Frameworks and
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Annex F - transfer to the Mediterra
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