Offshore Electricity Infrastructure in Europe - European Wind Energy ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

FiGuRe 13.8: minimum distance FROm the wind FaRm tO shORe FOR diFFeRent distances FROm the wind FaRm tO the inteRcOnnectOR [km]. (inteRcOnnectOR capacity OF 1000 mw, aveRaGe absOlute pRice diFFeRence OF €7.5, unbalanced FlOw with 30% OF pRice diFFeRence FlOwinG tOwaRds One cOuntRy) Minimum distance WF to shore (km) 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 • Area B: Wind farm capacities between 500 MW and 1000 mw. As described above, the minimum distance drops for wind farms larger than the interconnector capacity, until the wind farm capacity is double the size of the interconnector. This is shown in Area B for the interconnector capacity of 500 MW. For the larger interconnector capacities, the curves still coincide as in Area A. • Area C: Wind farm capacities larger than 1,000 MW. As in area B, the break-even distance drops for wind farms larger than the interconnector capacity until double the size. In this area this is shown for the 1,000 MW interconnector curve. For 2,000 MW interconnectors, the break-even distance is larger than for the 1,000 MW interconnector and is still rising as the wind farm capacity goes to 100% the interconnector capacity. In Area C, the wind farm is larger than 200% the interconnector capacity for the 500 MW case. The break-even distance therefore rises steeply with WF capacity as the wind farm output would have to be curtailed due to too small cable capacity. OffshoreGrid – Final Report 100 300 500 700 900 1,100 1,300 1,500 1,700 1,900 Wind farm capacity (MW) 100 km 80 km 60 km 40 km 20 km Impact of distance of wind farm to interconnector The further a wind farm from an interconnector, the less beneficial it is to tee-in on that interconnector, and the higher the break-even distance (Figure 13.8). Impact of absolute price difference The higher the absolute difference of price levels in the connected countries, the more important the electricity trade becomes. Wind farms should then be smaller in order to not constrain “valuable trading capacity” of the cable. As a result the minimum distance increases with price level difference (Figure 13.9). Electricity price profiles and wind-price correlations • Unbalanced price profiles increase the impact of teed-in wind energy. If the price difference is not balanced, which here means that the price is most of the time (>50% of the time) lower in one country, the impact of wind power production becomes larger. This is because in case wind is blowing it blocks the possibility for trade. In this case one of the legs (the one connecting the country with lower prices) is not loaded and 133
Annex d – details of results infrastructure remains unused. A solution would be to dimension this leg smaller. • Due to this large impact of wind teed-in to the interconnection, the minimum distance grows with the imbalance of the price levels. • Correlation between wind and price imbalance is beneficial for a tee-in solution. • If the price difference profile is correlated with the wind power production, this will have an impact on the minimum tee-in distance. If the price difference is lower when there is a lot of wind, the impact of constraining the cable will be less important and the minimum distance to shore will become shorter. If the price difference is higher at times of high wind energy production the effect is opposite. FiGuRe 13.9: minimum distance FROm the wind FaRm tO shORe FOR diFFeRent aveRaGe absOlute pRice diFFeRences [km]. (inteRcOnnectOR capacity OF 1000 mw, aveRaGe absOlute pRice diFFeRence OF €7.5, unbalanced FlOw with 30% OF pRice diFFeRence FlOwinG tOwaRds One cOuntRy impact OF distance wF tO inteRcOnnectOR) Minimum distance WF from shore (km) 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 100 300 500 700 900 1,100 1,300 1,500 1,700 1,900 Wind farm capacity (MW) 20 EUR 15 EUR 10 EUR 7.5 EUR 5 EUR 2.5 EUR FiGuRe 13.10: impact OF incReasinG inteRcOnnectOR capacity On the maximum beneFicial distance FOR hub-hub inteRcOnnectORs. (diRect inteRcOnnectOR distance tO which cOmpaRed: 500 mw, aveRaGe absOlute pRice diFFeRence between the cOuntRies: €5/mwh) Minimum distance between hubs (km) 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 500 MW hub-to-hub interconnector 900 Wind farm capacity (MW) 134 OffshoreGrid – Final Report 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 1,000 MW hub-to-hub interconnector 1,900 2,000
Page 1 and 2:
OffshoreGrid: Offshore Electricity
Page 3 and 4:
PRINcIPAl AUThORS: Jan De Decker, P
Page 5 and 6:
Table of contents FOREWORd 6 EXEcUT
Page 7 and 8:
FOREWORD The OffshoreGrid project i
Page 9 and 10:
Executive Summary I. The OffshoreGr
Page 11 and 12:
Executive Summary and TYNDP interco
Page 13 and 14:
Executive Summary One of the keys t
Page 15 and 16:
Executive Summary Splitting wind fa
Page 17 and 18:
Executive Summary 16 OffshoreGrid -
Page 19 and 20:
introduction 1.1 Context and backgr
Page 21 and 22:
introduction TAblE 1.1: STAkEhOldER
Page 23 and 24:
Key Assumptions and Scenarios In th
Page 25 and 26:
Key Assumptions and Scenarios FIGUR
Page 27 and 28:
Key Assumptions and Scenarios Curre
Page 29 and 30:
Methodology - Simulation inputs and
Page 31 and 32:
Methodology - Simulation inputs and
Page 33 and 34:
esults This chapter explains and su
Page 35 and 36:
esults (figure to the right) in Nor
Page 37 and 38:
esults 4.2.1 Hubs and individual co
Page 39 and 40:
esults The Baltic Sea is still a ra
Page 41 and 42:
esults connections to shore where t
Page 43 and 44:
esults 4.2.4 Conclusion and discuss
Page 45 and 46:
esults and NordSee Ost Group into t
Page 47 and 48:
esults 1986 (the Cross Channel link
Page 49 and 50:
esults UK-Germany connection are re
Page 51 and 52:
esults tee-in solution becomes pref
Page 53 and 54:
esults • Large wind farms (capaci
Page 55 and 56:
esults • Very large wind farm hub
Page 57 and 58:
esults • A three-leg interconnect
Page 59 and 60:
esults 4.5 Overall grid design 4.5.
Page 61 and 62:
esults connectors that were benefic
Page 63 and 64:
esults connections were tested in m
Page 65 and 66:
esults existing HVDC converters at
Page 67 and 68:
esults direct and integrated) ident
Page 69 and 70:
esults configuration were rated dif
Page 71 and 72:
esults FIGURE 4.31: cOMPARISON OF c
Page 73 and 74:
esults farm connections, the reduct
Page 75 and 76:
esults Overall design comparison Fi
Page 77 and 78:
esults • Costs and benefits of th
Page 79 and 80:
esults • There are other connecti
Page 81 and 82:
esults These merits also hold for t
Page 83 and 84: Towards an Offshore Grid - Further
Page 91 and 92: conclusions and recommendations The
Page 93 and 94: conclusions and recommendations •
Page 95 and 96: conclusions and recommendations •
Page 97 and 98: conclusions and recommendations 6.5
Page 99 and 100: conclusions and recommendations 98
Page 101 and 102: Acknowledgements and Funding The Of
Page 103 and 104: eferences [1] Weather Research and
Page 105 and 106: eferences [47] Observatoire Médite
Page 107 and 108: Annex A - Scenario details A.I Offs
Page 109 and 110: Annex A - Scenario details A.II Pri
Page 111 and 112: Annex A - Scenario details 2008 sce
Page 113 and 114: Annex A - Scenario details Due to t
Page 115 and 116: Annex B -technology Assumptions B.I
Page 117 and 118: Annex B -technology Assumptions tab
Page 119 and 120: Annex c - details on Methodology an
Page 121 and 122: Annex c - details on the Methodolog
Page 129 and 130: Annex d - details of results D.I Wi
Page 131 and 132: Annex d - details of results FiGuRe
Page 133: Annex d - details of results FiGuRe
Page 137 and 138: Annex d - details of results FiGuRe
Page 139 and 140: Annex d - details of results table
Page 141 and 142: Annex d - details of results table
Page 143 and 144: Annexes coal and gas, there is a de
Page 145 and 146: Annex e - regulatory Frameworks and
Page 147 and 148: Annex F - transfer to the Mediterra
show all

Offshore Electricity Infrastructure in Europe - European Wind Energy ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?