Offshore Electricity Infrastructure in Europe - European Wind Energy ...

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INTRODuCTION • context and background • Objective of OffshoreGrid • Methodology & approach • Stakeholders • Further presentation and discussion of results • Document structure Photo: Photo: Dong Vestas Energy
introduction 1.1 Context and background Europe has ambitious targets for renewable energy deployment. By 2020, 20% of gross final energy consumption should be met by renewable sources [19]. Offshore wind power is expected to deliver a large contribution. An installed capacity of 40 GW of offshore wind power is expected in Europe by 2020, in 2030 this can amount to 150 GW, of which about 126 GW will be located in Northern Europe [20]. The EC 2050 Roadmap [21] fosters this development further with the long-term target to cost-efficiently reduce European Greenhouse Gas emissions by 80% to 95% by 2050. This goal is only achievable with large-scale deployment of renewable energy generation with offshore wind energy as a dominant generation source. Consequently, the number of wind farms is expected to increase rapidly within the next decade, particularly in the North and Baltic Seas. All these wind farms will have to be connected to onshore power systems. This raises questions on how to connect the future wind power capacity and how to integrate it into the national power systems in an efficient and secure way. The first offshore wind farms were connected individually to the onshore power system. However, these wind farms were limited in capacity and relatively close to shore. Future wind farms may be up to several thousand MW’s, at distances of more than 200 km from shore. In particular for these wind farms bundling the electric connection at sea and carrying the energy over a joint connector to the onshore connection points can be more efficient than individual connections of wind farms to shore. This so-called hub connection design can reduce costs, space usage and environmental impact dramatically. Once these wind farms or hubs are in place, new connection design opportunities open: The hubs can be teed-in to interconnectors, or can be interlinked with other hubs or to other shores, creating a truly integrated offshore power system. This thinking is particularly driven by the idea that such an offshore grid can bring a variety of benefits to the security of the power system, the European electricity market and the overall integration of renewable energy. • Increased security of supply: - improve the connection between big load centres around the North Sea, - reduce dependency on gas and oil from unstable regions, - transmit indigenous offshore renewable electricity to where it can be used onshore, - bypass onshore electricity transmission bottlenecks. • Further market integration and enhancement of competition: - more interconnection between countries and power systems enhances trade and improves competition on the European energy market, - increased possibilities for arbitrage and limitation of price spikes. • Efficient integration of renewable energy: - facilitation of large-scale offshore wind power plants and other marine technologies, - valorisation of the spatial smoothing effect of wind power and other renewable power, thus reducing variability and the resulting flexibility needs, - connection to the large hydropower capacity in Scandinavia, thus introducing flexibility in the power system for the compensation of variability from wind power and other renewable power, - significant contribution to European 2020 targets. However, there is a long list of technical and political challenges that come with an integrated (meshed) European offshore grid. Furthermore, the investment needs are high. This raises the question of how to design an optimal offshore grid that minimises costs and maximises the benefits. 18 OffshoreGrid – Final Report
Page 1 and 2: OffshoreGrid: Offshore Electricity
Page 3 and 4: PRINcIPAl AUThORS: Jan De Decker, P
Page 5 and 6: Table of contents FOREWORd 6 EXEcUT
Page 7 and 8: FOREWORD The OffshoreGrid project i
Page 9 and 10: Executive Summary I. The OffshoreGr
Page 11 and 12: Executive Summary and TYNDP interco
Page 13 and 14: Executive Summary One of the keys t
Page 15 and 16: Executive Summary Splitting wind fa
Page 17: Executive Summary 16 OffshoreGrid -
Page 21 and 22: introduction TAblE 1.1: STAkEhOldER
Page 23 and 24: Key Assumptions and Scenarios In th
Page 25 and 26: Key Assumptions and Scenarios FIGUR
Page 27 and 28: Key Assumptions and Scenarios Curre
Page 29 and 30: Methodology - Simulation inputs and
Page 31 and 32: Methodology - Simulation inputs and
Page 33 and 34: esults This chapter explains and su
Page 35 and 36: esults (figure to the right) in Nor
Page 37 and 38: esults 4.2.1 Hubs and individual co
Page 39 and 40: esults The Baltic Sea is still a ra
Page 41 and 42: esults connections to shore where t
Page 43 and 44: esults 4.2.4 Conclusion and discuss
Page 45 and 46: esults and NordSee Ost Group into t
Page 47 and 48: esults 1986 (the Cross Channel link
Page 49 and 50: esults UK-Germany connection are re
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Page 53 and 54: esults • Large wind farms (capaci
Page 55 and 56: esults • Very large wind farm hub
Page 57 and 58: esults • A three-leg interconnect
Page 59 and 60: esults 4.5 Overall grid design 4.5.
Page 61 and 62: esults connectors that were benefic
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Page 65 and 66: esults existing HVDC converters at
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esults configuration were rated dif
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esults FIGURE 4.31: cOMPARISON OF c
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esults farm connections, the reduct
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esults Overall design comparison Fi
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esults • Costs and benefits of th
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esults • There are other connecti
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esults These merits also hold for t
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Towards an Offshore Grid - Further
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conclusions and recommendations The
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conclusions and recommendations •
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conclusions and recommendations •
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conclusions and recommendations 6.5
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conclusions and recommendations 98
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Acknowledgements and Funding The Of
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eferences [1] Weather Research and
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eferences [47] Observatoire Médite
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Annex A - Scenario details A.I Offs
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Annex A - Scenario details A.II Pri
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Annex A - Scenario details 2008 sce
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Annex A - Scenario details Due to t
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Annex B -technology Assumptions B.I
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Annex B -technology Assumptions tab
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Annex c - details on Methodology an
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Annex c - details on the Methodolog
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Annex d - details of results D.I Wi
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Annex d - details of results FiGuRe
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Annex d - details of results infras
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Annex d - details of results table
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Annex d - details of results table
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Annexes coal and gas, there is a de
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Annex e - regulatory Frameworks and
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Annex F - transfer to the Mediterra
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