Offshore Electricity Infrastructure in Europe - European Wind Energy ...

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Methodology remain the same, the changes in the first step have of course an impact on the results of step 2 and step 3: Step 1) The methodology is based on step 1 of the Direct Design. Split wind farm connections were considered where it was possible to replace direct interconnectors. Those split wind farms that are beneficial to retain were identified, along with the direct interconnectors where splitting wind farm connections was not possible. Thus as a result of step 1 beneficial direct interconnectors and split wind farm connections are obtained. Step 2) Beneficial tee-in solutions or the interconnection of countries via hub-to-hub connections were identified. (Step 2 was only started OffshoreGrid – Final Report when no further beneficial split wind farm connections could replace the direct interconnectors of step 1 in the Direct Design). Step 3) Beneficial meshed connections were identified. (Step 3 was only started when neither step 1 nor step 2 could identify beneficial connection solutions) Each step is explained in more detail below. Step 1: Split design methodology – split wind farm connections To select the wind farms that can be split, a methodology based on the aforementioned characteristics was developed. In order to compare the results with the Direct Design, the beneficial interconnectors (both FIGURE 4.26: SPlIT OFFShORE GRId dESIGN - STEP 1: MAP OF ThE SElEcTEd SPlIT WINd FARM cASES Wind Farms Onshore substation To shore Connection of Wind Farms (Hub and Individual) Existing Interconnectors Entso-E TYNDP Interconnectors Kriegers Flak – Three Leg Interconnector 2x Direct Interconnector close to each other Split Design step 2 Hub-to-hub and Tee-in interconnectors Split Design step 3 Meshed Grid Design 2x Split wind farm connection close to each other Split Design step 1 – Direct Interconnectors Split Design step 1 – Split Wind farm connections More detailed maps including information on the voltage level, the number of circuits and the technology (monopole or bipole DC) can be downloaded from www.offshoregrid.eu 65
esults direct and integrated) identified as being beneficial were mirrored with appropriate split wind farm connections. This means that the split wind farm connections connect the same countries as the direct interconnectors in the Direct Design approach. The wind farms or wind farm hubs to be split have been selected based on their capacity and on the additional cable length to the other country. The wind farm (hub) for each comparative link from the Direct Design method which came out best, was then modelled as a split connection in the power market model to assess overall benefit. For those direct interconnectors identified in the Direct Design method where no appropriate wind farm (hub) for splitting the connection could be identified, the original direct interconnector was retained in the model. FIGURE 4.27: SPlIT OFFShORE GRId dESIGN - STEPS 2 ANd 3: MAP OF ThE MESh dESIGN Wind Farms Onshore substation To shore Connection of Wind Farms (Hub and Individual) Existing Interconnectors Entso-E TYNDP Interconnectors Kriegers Flak – Three Leg Interconnector 2x Direct Interconnector close to each other Split Design step 3 Meshed Grid Design Sensitivity studies were performed initially around the capacity of the split connection links. The options studied (suggested by the case-independent model) were: • Each connection link from the offshore wind farm carries half of the installed capacity of the wind farm (50% option). • The connection link to the country with the lower generation price is rated half of the installed capacity of the wind farm. The connection link to the country with the higher generation price is rated to carry the full installed capacity of the wind farm (50/100% option). The result of the sensitivity analysis showed that the 50% option was already beneficial, but the 50/100% Split Design step 2 Hub-to-hub and Tee-in interconnectors 2x Split wind farm connection close to each other Split Design step 1 – Direct Interconnectors Split Design step 1 – Split Wind farm connections More detailed maps including information on the voltage level, the number of circuits and the technology (monopole or bipole DC) can be downloaded from www.offshoregrid.eu 66 OffshoreGrid – Final Report
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OffshoreGrid: Offshore Electricity
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PRINcIPAl AUThORS: Jan De Decker, P
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Table of contents FOREWORd 6 EXEcUT
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FOREWORD The OffshoreGrid project i
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Executive Summary I. The OffshoreGr
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Executive Summary and TYNDP interco
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Executive Summary One of the keys t
Page 15 and 16: Executive Summary Splitting wind fa
Page 17 and 18: Executive Summary 16 OffshoreGrid -
Page 19 and 20: introduction 1.1 Context and backgr
Page 21 and 22: introduction TAblE 1.1: STAkEhOldER
Page 23 and 24: Key Assumptions and Scenarios In th
Page 25 and 26: Key Assumptions and Scenarios FIGUR
Page 27 and 28: Key Assumptions and Scenarios Curre
Page 29 and 30: Methodology - Simulation inputs and
Page 31 and 32: Methodology - Simulation inputs and
Page 33 and 34: esults This chapter explains and su
Page 35 and 36: esults (figure to the right) in Nor
Page 37 and 38: esults 4.2.1 Hubs and individual co
Page 39 and 40: esults The Baltic Sea is still a ra
Page 41 and 42: esults connections to shore where t
Page 43 and 44: esults 4.2.4 Conclusion and discuss
Page 45 and 46: esults and NordSee Ost Group into t
Page 47 and 48: esults 1986 (the Cross Channel link
Page 49 and 50: esults UK-Germany connection are re
Page 51 and 52: esults tee-in solution becomes pref
Page 53 and 54: esults • Large wind farms (capaci
Page 55 and 56: esults • Very large wind farm hub
Page 57 and 58: esults • A three-leg interconnect
Page 59 and 60: esults 4.5 Overall grid design 4.5.
Page 61 and 62: esults connectors that were benefic
Page 63 and 64: esults connections were tested in m
Page 65: esults existing HVDC converters at
Page 69 and 70: esults configuration were rated dif
Page 71 and 72: esults FIGURE 4.31: cOMPARISON OF c
Page 73 and 74: esults farm connections, the reduct
Page 75 and 76: esults Overall design comparison Fi
Page 77 and 78: esults • Costs and benefits of th
Page 79 and 80: esults • There are other connecti
Page 81 and 82: esults These merits also hold for t
Page 83 and 84: Towards an Offshore Grid - Further
Page 91 and 92: conclusions and recommendations The
Page 93 and 94: conclusions and recommendations •
Page 95 and 96: conclusions and recommendations •
Page 97 and 98: conclusions and recommendations 6.5
Page 99 and 100: conclusions and recommendations 98
Page 101 and 102: Acknowledgements and Funding The Of
Page 103 and 104: eferences [1] Weather Research and
Page 105 and 106: eferences [47] Observatoire Médite
Page 107 and 108: Annex A - Scenario details A.I Offs
Page 109 and 110: Annex A - Scenario details A.II Pri
Page 111 and 112: Annex A - Scenario details 2008 sce
Page 113 and 114: Annex A - Scenario details Due to t
Page 115 and 116: Annex B -technology Assumptions B.I
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Annex B -technology Assumptions tab
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Annex c - details on Methodology an
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Annex c - details on the Methodolog
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Annex d - details of results D.I Wi
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Annex d - details of results FiGuRe
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Annex d - details of results infras
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Annex d - details of results table
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Annex d - details of results table
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Annexes coal and gas, there is a de
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Annex e - regulatory Frameworks and
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Annex F - transfer to the Mediterra
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