Offshore Electricity Infrastructure in Europe - European Wind Energy ...

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FIGURE 4.36: dc cAblE cIRcUIT ANd Ac cAblE cIRcUIT lENGTh IN ThE dIFFERENT ScENARIOS Circuits lengths (km) 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 OffshoreGrid – Final Report Radial reference case Reference and base case Overall grid design Split Design Direct Design Hub Base Case 2030 Direct Design FIGURE 4.37: NUMbER OF INSTAllEd dc cONvERTERS IN ThE dIFFERENT ScENARIOS Converter numbers 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Radial reference case Split Design Direct Design TYDP Hubs TYDP Individual Connections Hubs Split Design Reference and base case Overall grid design Hub Base Case 2030 Direct Design AC Individual Connections Split Design 73
esults Overall design comparison Figure 4.35 compares the cumulative net benefit for the Direct and Split offshore grid designs on an absolute and relative basis (benefit-to-CAPEX ratio). Although the net-benefit of the Direct Design is larger and outweighs the one of the Split Design by €3.1 bn, this does not mean that the Direct Design is more efficient. In fact, this only proves that the Direct methodology has gone further in the development: more is invested in the trade of energy in order to reduce the system cost more. The relative comparison is more interesting here. Even though both designs are highly beneficial and the difference between them is small, the Split Design returns 297% of the initial investment as benefits over 25 years, while the Direct design only returns only 280% of system benefit per invested euro. When evaluating this figure, it should be kept in mind that the Split Design is build based on mirroring the interconnectors in the Direct Design. A complete optimisation starting with split wind farm connections might yield higher benefits when the same overall investment is done. FIGURE 4.38: TOTAl cOSTS FOR ThE OvERAll GRId dESIGN Split offshore grid design Direct offshore grid design 4.5.5 Infrastructure investment – circuit length and total costs The previous paragraphs have analysed the additional costs for adding the Direct Design or Split Design to the Hub Base Case scenario. To complete the analysis, this paragraph gives an overview of the total costs of an offshore grid in Northern Europe. Furthermore it is instructive to have a look at the overall circuit length and the number of DC inverters that are implemented in each design. The following scenarios will be compared: • Radial reference scenario, where all 2030 offshore wind farms are connected with individual connections. The ENTSO-E TYNDP direct interconnectors are included. In this scenario no hub connections are realised. • Hub Base Case scenario, where the 2030 offshore wind farms are connected via hubs where beneficial. The ENTSO-E TYNDP direct interconnectors are also included. As mentioned before, this is the base case used for most comparisons in the whole document. • Direct Design scenario: An overall grid design built on the Hub Base Case scenario as described in chapter 4.5.2. Reference scenario bene�ts due to reduced Infrastructure cost (€bn) electricity generation costs over 25 years (€bn) 100 Reference and base case Overall grid design 100 90 80 92 83 78 86 84 90 80 70 69 70 60 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 € 21 € 16 20 10 10 0 Radial Base case Hub Base case Direct Design Split Design 0 ENTSO_E interconnectors Hub wind farm connections Individual connections Annual generation bene�ts 74 OffshoreGrid – Final Report
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OffshoreGrid: Offshore Electricity
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PRINcIPAl AUThORS: Jan De Decker, P
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Table of contents FOREWORd 6 EXEcUT
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FOREWORD The OffshoreGrid project i
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Executive Summary I. The OffshoreGr
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Executive Summary and TYNDP interco
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Executive Summary One of the keys t
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Executive Summary Splitting wind fa
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Executive Summary 16 OffshoreGrid -
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introduction 1.1 Context and backgr
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introduction TAblE 1.1: STAkEhOldER
Page 23 and 24: Key Assumptions and Scenarios In th
Page 25 and 26: Key Assumptions and Scenarios FIGUR
Page 27 and 28: Key Assumptions and Scenarios Curre
Page 29 and 30: Methodology - Simulation inputs and
Page 31 and 32: Methodology - Simulation inputs and
Page 33 and 34: esults This chapter explains and su
Page 35 and 36: esults (figure to the right) in Nor
Page 37 and 38: esults 4.2.1 Hubs and individual co
Page 39 and 40: esults The Baltic Sea is still a ra
Page 41 and 42: esults connections to shore where t
Page 43 and 44: esults 4.2.4 Conclusion and discuss
Page 45 and 46: esults and NordSee Ost Group into t
Page 47 and 48: esults 1986 (the Cross Channel link
Page 49 and 50: esults UK-Germany connection are re
Page 51 and 52: esults tee-in solution becomes pref
Page 53 and 54: esults • Large wind farms (capaci
Page 55 and 56: esults • Very large wind farm hub
Page 57 and 58: esults • A three-leg interconnect
Page 59 and 60: esults 4.5 Overall grid design 4.5.
Page 61 and 62: esults connectors that were benefic
Page 63 and 64: esults connections were tested in m
Page 65 and 66: esults existing HVDC converters at
Page 67 and 68: esults direct and integrated) ident
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Page 71 and 72: esults FIGURE 4.31: cOMPARISON OF c
Page 73: esults farm connections, the reduct
Page 77 and 78: esults • Costs and benefits of th
Page 79 and 80: esults • There are other connecti
Page 81 and 82: esults These merits also hold for t
Page 83 and 84: Towards an Offshore Grid - Further
Page 91 and 92: conclusions and recommendations The
Page 93 and 94: conclusions and recommendations •
Page 95 and 96: conclusions and recommendations •
Page 97 and 98: conclusions and recommendations 6.5
Page 99 and 100: conclusions and recommendations 98
Page 101 and 102: Acknowledgements and Funding The Of
Page 103 and 104: eferences [1] Weather Research and
Page 105 and 106: eferences [47] Observatoire Médite
Page 107 and 108: Annex A - Scenario details A.I Offs
Page 109 and 110: Annex A - Scenario details A.II Pri
Page 111 and 112: Annex A - Scenario details 2008 sce
Page 113 and 114: Annex A - Scenario details Due to t
Page 115 and 116: Annex B -technology Assumptions B.I
Page 117 and 118: Annex B -technology Assumptions tab
Page 119 and 120: Annex c - details on Methodology an
Page 121 and 122: Annex c - details on the Methodolog
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Annex c - details on the Methodolog
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Annex c - details on the Methodolog
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Annex d - details of results D.I Wi
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Annex d - details of results FiGuRe
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Annex d - details of results infras
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Annex d - details of results table
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Annex d - details of results table
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Annexes coal and gas, there is a de
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Annex e - regulatory Frameworks and
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Annex F - transfer to the Mediterra
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