Download this publication - AIDS Data Hub

More documents

Recommendations

Info

tested in drug rehabilitation centers and prisons (12 out of 27) as were three female andone transgender sex workers. Contracting tuberculosis was reason why 14% of therespondents went for testing and this more often with the refugee (five out of 8) as wellas the transgender sex workers (four out of eight). Evident from table four, is the fact thatantenatal care, blood donation, pre-marital testing and STD prompted only a few of themto go for testing. Other reasons for those who went for testing included visa to studyoverseas (1), medical check-up (2), surgery (1) and work permit to work overseas(1)Of the ten respondents who went for voluntary testing, curiosity, weight loss, workpermit to work overseas, free check-up at IKHLAS, husband had tuberculosis were thereasons cited and two respondents did not answer this question.Table 4Distribution Of Respondents By Information On Various Aspects Of TestingGroups DUHetero-Hetero-Trans-WomenTotalSexuallysexuallyGenderMSM RefugeeSex-InfectedInfectedSex-WorkersNo. %MenWomenWorksNUMBER (N) 27 8 8 7 22 13 8 93 100Distribution By Length Of Time Since They Knew Their Status Months0- 24 3 4 2 6 7 6 7 25 26.925-48 5 3 4 0 5 2 0 26 2849-72 7 1 0 0 6 2 1 16 17.273-96 2 1 0 0 3 1 0 9 9.7>96 10 1 2 1 1 2 0 17 18.2Mean: 53.7 months Mediam: 36.00 months Mode:12.0 Range: 1 to 168 monthsHOW HIV STATUS WAS DISCOVEREDVoluntary 4 2 0 0 3 1 0 10 10.8Advised by Dr. 5 5 3 0 2 5 3 23 24.7Anternatal 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 2.2Blood donation 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 3.2Pre-maritaltesting1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.1Drug rehab 6 1 0 0 0 1 0 8 8.6Prison 6 0 0 0 0 3 1 11 11.8TB 1 0 0 5 3 0 4 13 14.0STD 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 2.2InfectedPartner0 0 0 1 12 2 0 15 16.1Others* 2 0 3 0 0 1 0 5 5.4* Visa to study overseas (1), Medical check-up (2), Surgery (1), Work permit to work overseas(1)VOLUNTARY TESTING: WHY? (N=10)Curiosity 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 20Work permit 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10Check up atIKHLAS0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 10Husband hadTB0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 10Losing weight 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 30No reason 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 20106
Pre- and post-test counsellingEverybody who is being tested should receive pre and post test counseling. In thisinstance more than half (58.4%) of the respondents had received post test counseling butonly 25.8% had received pretest counseling and only 15.1% received both. Generallymore of the heterosexually infected women (one third) and female sex workers (four outof 13) received both pre and post test counseling than any other group reflecting also theattitude of the Malaysian society towards infected women (Table 5).GroupsDUHetero-SexuallyInfectedMenTable 5Pre And Post Test CounsellingHetero-MSM RefugeesexuallyInfectedWomenWomenSex-WorkersTrans-GenderSex-WorkersTotalNo. %NUMBER (N) 27 8 8 7 22 13 8 93 100Had pre-testCounselling6 0 0 0 10 5 3 24 25.8Had post testCounselling11 3 2 4 12 8 5 51 54.8Had pre andPost testCounselling3 0 0 0 7 4 0 14 15.1Relationship with their familiesOnly 14% of the respondents claimed that they had been disowned by their families, butit is also reflective of their lifestyles rather then their status. In this instance only 15 outof 27 IDUs said that they were not disowned and only five were disowned but seven ofthem did not respond to this question (very high compared to the other groups) perhapsreflective of the uncertainty of their relationship with the their families (Table 6). Incontrast none of the heterosexually infected women was disowned and three out of 22 didnot respond. Almost one third (four out of 13) of the women sex workers were disownedas were one quarter of transgender sex workers Only one MSM man was disowned by hisfamily. One should also note that not being disowned does not mean acceptance becausemany may not have revealed their status to their respective families. It is perhaps riskylifestyles which are obvious as in the case of the IDUs, transgender and sex work thatcause the families to disown them.Almost one third of the respondents depended on their families for care and support andmore than half are dependent on families for emotional support. At the same time morethan one quarter (26.9%) of them also depended on their families for financial support.However respondents also provide care and support to their families, albeit, to a lesserdegree. In this instance 23.7%, 30.1%and 21.5% claimed that they provided care andsupport, emotional and financial support respectively to their families (Table 6).107
Page 2 and 3:
Table of ContentsPROJECT TEAM 5ACKN
Page 4 and 5:
Information received at the time of
Page 6 and 7:
AcknowledgementsThis research is fu
Page 9:
The main findings from the qualitat
Page 14 and 15:
school or work, transport costs for
Page 16 and 17:
is that the large majority of women
Page 18 and 19:
In fact, special surveys conducted
Page 20 and 21:
ObjectivesThe specific objectives o
Page 22 and 23:
have been rejected by their immedia
Page 24 and 25:
eport) that his/her healthcare (or
Page 26 and 27:
CommunityKnowledge/awareness of HIV
Page 28 and 29:
Framework of analysisA descriptive
Page 30 and 31:
urban and a rural community. In all
Page 32 and 33:
medication, the physical health com
Page 34 and 35:
husbands working in other places wh
Page 36 and 37:
(“And then, this doctor, he/she v
Page 38 and 39:
their food. Nurses and their attend
Page 40 and 41:
“Because we take drugs….no time
Page 42 and 43:
The same claim to 100% condom use w
Page 44 and 45:
in asking them to use condoms, even
Page 46 and 47:
“Normally…..normally, memang ma
Page 48 and 49:
(“But I continued using at that t
Page 50 and 51:
“Buat pada permulaannya, saya mem
Page 52 and 53:
However, not all experiences with d
Page 54 and 55:
yang amat sangat. Tak pernah I rasa
Page 56 and 57: long term fears and anxieties. The
Page 58 and 59: “The first time I heard from the
Page 60 and 61: handset, I too, have handset. Some
Page 62 and 63: have been turning to God since and
Page 64 and 65: felt I’m indecent. But, at one ti
Page 66 and 67: would certainly want to continue wo
Page 68 and 69: (Transgender, 53 yrs, Upper seconda
Page 70 and 71: “Sometimes I didn’t get enough
Page 72 and 73: positively portray people living wi
Page 74 and 75: “After my diagnosis...I’ll pay
Page 76 and 77: not know or might not want to be bo
Page 78 and 79: (UNAIDS 2005).(UNAIDS 2000):The fac
Page 80 and 81: “…bawak saya pergi hospital. An
Page 82 and 83: erpindah ke tempat lain makin lama.
Page 84 and 85: pada HIV itu, dia nampak penagih. S
Page 86 and 87: (Male, 49yrs, University education,
Page 88 and 89: However this association with the n
Page 90 and 91: “…..depends on who is the perso
Page 92 and 93: (“I …my experience society will
Page 94 and 95: (“Can…can marry, no problem. Bu
Page 96 and 97: Harm Reduction programmeSome urban
Page 98 and 99: (“In my opinion such campaign sta
Page 100 and 101: Table 2aDistribution of Respondents
Page 102 and 103: female sex workers (seven out of 13
Page 104 and 105: NO. OF LIVING PARENTSNobody 7 1 1 2
Page 108 and 109: GroupsDUHetero-SexuallyInfectedMenT
Page 110 and 111: y the Ministry of Health (74.2%) or
Page 113 and 114: Child CareYes, often 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
Page 115 and 116: GroupsDUHetero-SexuallyInfectedMenT
Page 117 and 118: Figure 5: Percentage of Respondents
Page 119 and 120: GroupsTable 12aEmotional Problems E
Page 121 and 122: Stigmatization and how it has affec
Page 123 and 124: GroupsTable 15How They Cope With Th
Page 125 and 126: Table 18Percentage Of Respondents W
Page 127 and 128: esponsible for their families. As m
Page 129 and 130: In this study, it took more effort
Page 131 and 132: eing transgender and sex worker whe
Page 133 and 134: denies them social and economic opp
Page 135 and 136: working towards their future, who c
Page 137 and 138: ReferencesAidsmeds.com (2006). Curr
Page 139 and 140: Sen G, George A, Ostlin P (2002). E
Page 141 and 142: Annex II: FGD Guide for PLHIV Group
Page 143 and 144: ♦ Spouse: marital/sexual relation
Page 145 and 146: I. Attitudes and Perceptions relate
Page 147 and 148: I. HIV/AIDS Knowledge‣ What did y
Page 149 and 150: Annex V: Rapid Needs Assessment Que
Page 151 and 152: Types of support or responsibilityM
Page 153 and 154: Please tick (√)one onlyIf yes,ple
Page 155 and 156: more help would be useful for you i
Page 157 and 158:
Annex VI: Ethics Approval Letter157
show all

Download this publication - AIDS Data Hub

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?