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GroupsTable 12bEmotional Problems Experienced as a Result of HIV StatusHetero-Hetero-Trans-WomenSexuallysexuallyGenderDUMSM RefugeesSex-InfectedInfectedSex-WorkersMenWomenWorksTotalNo %NUMBER (N) 27 8 8 7 22 13 8 93 100Relationship Problem with Co-workersYes, often 3 1 0 0 0 1 0 5 5.4Sometimes 5 2 0 0 2 3 0 12 12.9No problem 5 4 7 5 8 3 7 42 45.2Has Help 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Afraid To Tell Family Members About My HIV StatusYes, often 3 1 3 3 3 0 1 22 23.7Sometimes 3 0 0 0 3 5 2 7 7.5No problem 9 7 5 4 11 0 0 43 46.2Has help 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 2.2Afraid To Tell Friends About My HIV StatusYes, often 4 1 4 4 7 6 0 26 28Sometimes 5 1 3 0 7 2 2 20 21.5No problem 6 6 1 3 3 3 2 24 25.8Has help 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 2.2GroupsTable 13Types of Help Needed to Cope With The ProblemsDUHetero-SexuallyInfectedMenMSMRefugeesHeterosexuallyInfectedWomenWomenSex-WorkersTrans-GenderSex-WorkersTotalNo %NUMBER (N) 27 8 8 7 22 13 8 93 100Family help 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2.3Counseling 2 0 0 1 3 0 0 6 6.5Financial 1 2 2 4 11 1 1 22 23.7Moral support 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 4 4.3Support group 2 0 2 1 0 0 1 6 6.5Types of help needed to cope with problemsFinance was the area of help needed by most respondents (23.7%) to cope with theproblems faced as a result of their infection. This was followed by respondents whoexpressed the need for support group and counseling (6.5%), moral support (4.3% andfamily (2.3%).120
Stigmatization and how it has affected activities of daily livingMore than half of the respondents (57%) (Table 14) reported that they have experiencedstigma and only 19.4% reported not have experienced it. However 22.5% said that theydid not experience stigma because nobody knows of their status. Of those whoexperienced stigma, there were more transsexual sex workers (seven if the eight) andDUs (22 out of 27) than any other groups have experienced <strong>this</strong>. One wonders if thestigma is exacerbated by their addiction in the case of the DUs and their transgenderstatus rather than being infected. At the same time half of the heterosexually infectedwomen, six out of the 13 women sex workers also reported having experienced stigma.When asked about how stigma has affected their daily activities, one in five said that ithas prevented friends from socializing with them, 12.9% said that it has preventedtreatment from health personnel and the same number reported loss of employment.Another 6.5% reported that neighbours did not allow their children to play with theirsand at the same time another 6.5% reported that it has affected their attendance atreligious activities. Other activities reportedly affected by their status included beingisolated, having to move house, being stigmatized by family and society.Table 14Distribution Of Respondents Who Have Experienced Stigma And How ItHas Affected Their Daily ActivitiesGroupsDUHetero-SexuallyInfectedMenMSMRefugeesHeterosexuallyInfectedWomenWomenSex-WorkersTrans-GenderSex-WorksTotalNo %NUMBER (N) 27 8 8 7 22 13 8 93 100Yes 22 2 3 2 11 6 7 53 57.0No 4 1 3 1 4 4 1 18 19.4No. Becausenobody knows0 5 2 4 7 3 0 21 22.5No. Response 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.1How Stigma Affects Normal ActivitiesPrevent childrenfrom school1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 2.2Health personnelreluctant to treat6 1 1 0 3 1 0 12 12.9Change/lose job 9 0 0 0 2 0 1 12 12.9Friends don’tsocialize with me8 2 1 2 1 1 4 19 20.4Neighbors don’tplay with my 3 0 0 0 2 1 0 6 6.5childrenAttendance atreligious activities5 0 0 0 0 1 0 6 6.5Others * 8 0 1 0 3 2 1 15 16.1• isolated (2 DU ),• move house (1 DU, 1 heterosexually infected woman, 1 transgender ),• stigma from family members (1 DU, 1 heterosexually infected woman ),• stigma by society (1 DU, 1 heterosexually infected woman)121
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Table of ContentsPROJECT TEAM 5ACKN
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Information received at the time of
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AcknowledgementsThis research is fu
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The main findings from the qualitat
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school or work, transport costs for
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is that the large majority of women
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In fact, special surveys conducted
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ObjectivesThe specific objectives o
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have been rejected by their immedia
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eport) that his/her healthcare (or
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CommunityKnowledge/awareness of HIV
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Framework of analysisA descriptive
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urban and a rural community. In all
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medication, the physical health com
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husbands working in other places wh
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(“And then, this doctor, he/she v
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their food. Nurses and their attend
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“Because we take drugs….no time
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The same claim to 100% condom use w
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in asking them to use condoms, even
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“Normally…..normally, memang ma
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(“But I continued using at that t
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“Buat pada permulaannya, saya mem
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However, not all experiences with d
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yang amat sangat. Tak pernah I rasa
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long term fears and anxieties. The
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“The first time I heard from the
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handset, I too, have handset. Some
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have been turning to God since and
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felt I’m indecent. But, at one ti
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would certainly want to continue wo
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(Transgender, 53 yrs, Upper seconda
Page 70 and 71: “Sometimes I didn’t get enough
Page 72 and 73: positively portray people living wi
Page 74 and 75: “After my diagnosis...I’ll pay
Page 76 and 77: not know or might not want to be bo
Page 78 and 79: (UNAIDS 2005).(UNAIDS 2000):The fac
Page 80 and 81: “…bawak saya pergi hospital. An
Page 82 and 83: erpindah ke tempat lain makin lama.
Page 84 and 85: pada HIV itu, dia nampak penagih. S
Page 86 and 87: (Male, 49yrs, University education,
Page 88 and 89: However this association with the n
Page 90 and 91: “…..depends on who is the perso
Page 92 and 93: (“I …my experience society will
Page 94 and 95: (“Can…can marry, no problem. Bu
Page 96 and 97: Harm Reduction programmeSome urban
Page 98 and 99: (“In my opinion such campaign sta
Page 100 and 101: Table 2aDistribution of Respondents
Page 102 and 103: female sex workers (seven out of 13
Page 104 and 105: NO. OF LIVING PARENTSNobody 7 1 1 2
Page 106 and 107: tested in drug rehabilitation cente
Page 108 and 109: GroupsDUHetero-SexuallyInfectedMenT
Page 110 and 111: y the Ministry of Health (74.2%) or
Page 113 and 114: Child CareYes, often 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
Page 115 and 116: GroupsDUHetero-SexuallyInfectedMenT
Page 117 and 118: Figure 5: Percentage of Respondents
Page 119: GroupsTable 12aEmotional Problems E
Page 123 and 124: GroupsTable 15How They Cope With Th
Page 125 and 126: Table 18Percentage Of Respondents W
Page 127 and 128: esponsible for their families. As m
Page 129 and 130: In this study, it took more effort
Page 131 and 132: eing transgender and sex worker whe
Page 133 and 134: denies them social and economic opp
Page 135 and 136: working towards their future, who c
Page 137 and 138: ReferencesAidsmeds.com (2006). Curr
Page 139 and 140: Sen G, George A, Ostlin P (2002). E
Page 141 and 142: Annex II: FGD Guide for PLHIV Group
Page 143 and 144: ♦ Spouse: marital/sexual relation
Page 145 and 146: I. Attitudes and Perceptions relate
Page 147 and 148: I. HIV/AIDS Knowledge‣ What did y
Page 149 and 150: Annex V: Rapid Needs Assessment Que
Page 151 and 152: Types of support or responsibilityM
Page 153 and 154: Please tick (√)one onlyIf yes,ple
Page 155 and 156: more help would be useful for you i
Page 157 and 158: Annex VI: Ethics Approval Letter157
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