handset, I too, have handset. Some have car, I have my own car too.Previously I don’t have. I hang around at Lorong Haji Taib. Life was atmess. Slept on the box. From then onwards I … if I don’t recover andmove on, I don’t think I’m alive now. Maybe I’m dead long time ago.Relax for…forever. From then on, I realized, realized, realized,realized…till today. I feel happy also”)(Male, 50yrs, Upper secondary education, DU)“Sekarang ni, saya tak ada putus asa. Biasa lah. Biar lah orang nak kataapa-apa, saya biasa. Tak ada masalah. Macam masa saya sakit, orangtak pergi melawat saya di rumah. Saya deman baru-baru ni pun, sayaterima. Saya tak kisah, cuma keluarga saya datang melawat di hospitalsini. Sekarang ni, masyarakat apa-apa masalah jumpa saya. Saya fakirbiasa saja. Macam mana orang hina saya, biasa, tak ada perasaannak…biar sajalah”(“Now, I don’t give up. Let it be. Let what other people have to say, I’mused to it. No problem. When I’m sick, no one come and visit me at home.Recently I have fever, I endure it. I don’t care, only my family came tohospital and visited me. Now, if anyone comes to me with any problem, Ifeel it [problem] is normal. Regardless of how people criticize me, normal,I don’t have feelings anymore. Let it be”)(Female, 39yrs, Lower secondary education, Infected Partner)“Saya sihat saya hidup dan saya tak perlu tengok ke belakang. Saya teruske pergi ke depan…ah…tengok ke depan…ah…itulah saya”(“I’m healthy, alive and I don’t look back. I look forward…ah…lookforward…ah…that’s me”)(Transgender, 40yrs, Lower secondary education, SW)Some of the participants still have a problem coping with their illness, and <strong>this</strong> lack ofcoping strategies and the lack of support system could render them a poorer mental healthor psychological state.“I feel now, I rasa macam hidup I sekarang macam tak berharga. Takberfungsi because everywhere I….since after that, after I knew that I hadHIV/<strong>AIDS</strong> positive, I run away from facts. It’s about 2 years now, duatahun lepas, I actually cannot accept”(“I feel now, I feel like living. Now I’m feeling worthless. Not functioningbecause everywhere I…since after that I knew that I had HIV/<strong>AIDS</strong>positive, I run away from facts. It’s about 2 years now, 2 years ago. Iactually cannot accept”)(Transgender, 53yrs, Upper secondary education, SW)60
Self-esteem and self imageSome of the participants also suffer from low self-esteem. This impact is seriously feltduring the initial period following diagnoses of HIV and it may take a while to beemotionally strong depending on the support received.“Saya rasa macam rendah diri lah. Rasa rendah diri memang adalahdalam diri kan”(“I felt low self-esteem. Feeling of low self esteem is there, in ourself”)(Female, 30yrs, University education, Infected Partner)“Rasa malu lah. Macam kalau kita tengok orang lain, kita pun sihat juga.Kita macam orang biasa, tapi terasa lah tahu lah kita sendiri ini adapenyakit”(”Feel embrassed. Like how we look at other people, we are also healthy.We are like normal people, but felt it...we know that we ourselves have<strong>this</strong> illness”)(Female, 35yrs, Primary education, Infected Partner)“Having HIV positive feels so distress. I just want to stay alone. I mean,I just want to stay away from others”(Male, 30yrs, Primary education, Refugee)Religious participation and/or spiritualityThe FGDs revealed mixed feeling towards religious beliefs and practices. Some of theparticipants turned to the higher power for help, while others remain the same. Somealso shunned away from religious places for fear of being asked many questions, thuswould rather not attend any religious services. Others turned to God for help, while somedo find moral support from fellow religious members and counselled by religiousauthorities. The support can also be in the form of financial assistance or basicnecessities (rice, floor, sugar, etc.), the latter being in the rural settings.“Biasa dia orang yang banyak tanyalah. Dia orang yang banyak tanya.Kakak yang banyak tanya. Kadang-kadang, tiap-tiap jumaat, kita harussebutkan. Kalau saya tak sebut pun, dia orang Tanya. Dia orang tanyamacam mana, dia orang plan untuk saya lah. Dari situlah, kita macambuat kekuatan semula”(”Usually they ask a lot of question. They asked a lot of question. Sisterask a lot. Sometimes, every Friday, I have to say it. If i didn’t say it, theywill ask. They will ask, so how, they plan for me lah. From there, weregain our strength”)(Female, 36yrs, Upper secondary education, Infected Partner)”I used to ask them [church members] to pray for me, you know. I talkedto them but I didn’t tell them the exact sickness I’m having. It’s sad, butin Sri Aman, I went to the priest there. I told him what exactly happenedto me because that is a healing church. So, I think prayers help also lah. I61
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Table of ContentsPROJECT TEAM 5ACKN
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Information received at the time of
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AcknowledgementsThis research is fu
- Page 9: The main findings from the qualitat
- Page 14 and 15: school or work, transport costs for
- Page 16 and 17: is that the large majority of women
- Page 18 and 19: In fact, special surveys conducted
- Page 20 and 21: ObjectivesThe specific objectives o
- Page 22 and 23: have been rejected by their immedia
- Page 24 and 25: eport) that his/her healthcare (or
- Page 26 and 27: CommunityKnowledge/awareness of HIV
- Page 28 and 29: Framework of analysisA descriptive
- Page 30 and 31: urban and a rural community. In all
- Page 32 and 33: medication, the physical health com
- Page 34 and 35: husbands working in other places wh
- Page 36 and 37: (“And then, this doctor, he/she v
- Page 38 and 39: their food. Nurses and their attend
- Page 40 and 41: “Because we take drugs….no time
- Page 42 and 43: The same claim to 100% condom use w
- Page 44 and 45: in asking them to use condoms, even
- Page 46 and 47: “Normally…..normally, memang ma
- Page 48 and 49: (“But I continued using at that t
- Page 50 and 51: “Buat pada permulaannya, saya mem
- Page 52 and 53: However, not all experiences with d
- Page 54 and 55: yang amat sangat. Tak pernah I rasa
- Page 56 and 57: long term fears and anxieties. The
- Page 58 and 59: “The first time I heard from the
- Page 62 and 63: have been turning to God since and
- Page 64 and 65: felt I’m indecent. But, at one ti
- Page 66 and 67: would certainly want to continue wo
- Page 68 and 69: (Transgender, 53 yrs, Upper seconda
- Page 70 and 71: “Sometimes I didn’t get enough
- Page 72 and 73: positively portray people living wi
- Page 74 and 75: “After my diagnosis...I’ll pay
- Page 76 and 77: not know or might not want to be bo
- Page 78 and 79: (UNAIDS 2005).(UNAIDS 2000):The fac
- Page 80 and 81: “…bawak saya pergi hospital. An
- Page 82 and 83: erpindah ke tempat lain makin lama.
- Page 84 and 85: pada HIV itu, dia nampak penagih. S
- Page 86 and 87: (Male, 49yrs, University education,
- Page 88 and 89: However this association with the n
- Page 90 and 91: “…..depends on who is the perso
- Page 92 and 93: (“I …my experience society will
- Page 94 and 95: (“Can…can marry, no problem. Bu
- Page 96 and 97: Harm Reduction programmeSome urban
- Page 98 and 99: (“In my opinion such campaign sta
- Page 100 and 101: Table 2aDistribution of Respondents
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- Page 104 and 105: NO. OF LIVING PARENTSNobody 7 1 1 2
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y the Ministry of Health (74.2%) or
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Child CareYes, often 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
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GroupsDUHetero-SexuallyInfectedMenT
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Figure 5: Percentage of Respondents
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GroupsTable 12aEmotional Problems E
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Stigmatization and how it has affec
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GroupsTable 15How They Cope With Th
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Table 18Percentage Of Respondents W
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esponsible for their families. As m
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In this study, it took more effort
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eing transgender and sex worker whe
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denies them social and economic opp
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working towards their future, who c
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ReferencesAidsmeds.com (2006). Curr
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Sen G, George A, Ostlin P (2002). E
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Annex II: FGD Guide for PLHIV Group
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♦ Spouse: marital/sexual relation
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I. Attitudes and Perceptions relate
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I. HIV/AIDS Knowledge‣ What did y
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Annex V: Rapid Needs Assessment Que
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Types of support or responsibilityM
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Please tick (√)one onlyIf yes,ple
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more help would be useful for you i
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Annex VI: Ethics Approval Letter157