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GroupsDUHetero-SexuallyInfectedMenTable 6Relationship with Their FamiliesHetero-MSM RefugeesexuallyInfectedWomenW.omenSex-WorkesTrans-GenderSex-WorksTotalNo. %NUMBER (N) 27 8 8 7 22 13 8 93 100RELATIONSHIP WITH FAMILYDisowned 5 1 1 0 0 4 2 13 14Not Disowned 15 6 7 5 19 8 5 65 69.9No. Response 7 1 0 2 3 1 1 15 16.11. For Care &support2. Emotionalsupport3. Financialsupport1. For Care &support2. Emotionalsupport3. FinancialsupportDEPEND ON FAMILY FOR:8 1 2 0 9 6 1 27 29.012 6 6 4 12 6 3 49 52.77 3 1 0 8 6 0 25 26.9THEY SUPPORT FAMILY IN:4 0 4 0 9 3 2 22 23.75 1 7 1 8 3 3 28 30.14 0 6 1 7 2 0 20 21.5Information received at the time of testingAs part of their post-test counselling, respondents also received other information. Theseincluded advice on nutrition (24.7%), <strong>AIDS</strong> Related NGOs (21.5%), PLHIV networks,Government services available to them (18.3%) and others [information on programs &policy in Singapore (1 DU), referral letter (1 MSM), advice not to have sex anymore (1hetero female )]. At the same time 14%, most of whom were the DU (8 out of 27) did notreceive any follow-up information at all (Table 7).Accessing information and servicesMore than a third (35.5%) of respondents had no problem accessing information. One infive (21.5%) did not know where to find relevant information, and another 15% eitherwere too ill to access information or had transport problems. Transport problems weremainly faced by heterosexually infected women from Sabah or Sarawak. However 43%were not accessing information out of fear of being stigmatized. This was felt by allgroups most of which were by the heterosexually infected women (14 out of 22). Five outof eight MSM, six out of 13 and half of the transgender sex workers were also afraid ofbeing stigmatized (Table 8).108
GroupsDUTable 7Information Received At The Time Of TestingHetero-Hetero-Trans-WomenSexuallysexuallyGenderMSM RefugeeSex-InfectedInfectedSex-WorkersMenWomenWorkersTotalNo %NUMBER (N) 27 8 8 7 22 13 8 93 100NGOs 5 0 1 2 3 8 1 20 21.5Networks/Groups For 2 2 2 0 4 5 1 16 17.2PLWHsProperNutrition/ 2 5 1 3 10 5 0 2 24.7DietGovernmentService1 1 2 1 7 5 0 17 18.3Other Info 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 3 3.2No Info Offered 8 2 1 1 0 1 0 13 14*others: info on programs & policy in Singapore (1 DU), referral letter (1 MSM), Advice not to have sex anymore (1 hetero female)Table 8Why It Is Difficult To Access Information And ServicesGroups DUHetero-Hetero-Trans-WomenTotalSexuallysexuallyGenderMSM RefugeeSex-InfectedInfectedSex-WorkersNo. %MenWomenWorkersNUMBER (N) 27 8 8 7 22 13 8 93 100Had noproblem11 6 3 6 3 3 1 33 35.5Don’t knowwhere to find5 0 2 1 6 4 2 20 21.5Worried aboutstigma9 2 5 0 14 6 4 40 43Not well, don’tleave home0 0 0 0 4 2 1 7 7.5Transportproblem0 0 0 0 4 3 0 7 7.5Others 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 4 4.3No money ( 1 female sex worker), no NGOs (1 DU), don’t want to know (1 DU)TreatmentIn <strong>this</strong> study 14.0% were not in need of regular treatment and 73.1% were getting regulartreatment. Another three were not getting it regularly due to finance (in the case of aninfected refugee and a female sex worker). Most of those who could not afford paymentwere female sex workers but generally less than 10% were not receiving treatment due tolack of money (Table 9). Eight out of ten participants were getting treated in Hospital run109
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Table of ContentsPROJECT TEAM 5ACKN
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Information received at the time of
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AcknowledgementsThis research is fu
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The main findings from the qualitat
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school or work, transport costs for
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is that the large majority of women
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In fact, special surveys conducted
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ObjectivesThe specific objectives o
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have been rejected by their immedia
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eport) that his/her healthcare (or
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CommunityKnowledge/awareness of HIV
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Framework of analysisA descriptive
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urban and a rural community. In all
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medication, the physical health com
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husbands working in other places wh
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(“And then, this doctor, he/she v
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their food. Nurses and their attend
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“Because we take drugs….no time
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The same claim to 100% condom use w
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in asking them to use condoms, even
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“Normally…..normally, memang ma
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(“But I continued using at that t
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“Buat pada permulaannya, saya mem
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However, not all experiences with d
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yang amat sangat. Tak pernah I rasa
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long term fears and anxieties. The
Page 58 and 59: “The first time I heard from the
Page 60 and 61: handset, I too, have handset. Some
Page 62 and 63: have been turning to God since and
Page 64 and 65: felt I’m indecent. But, at one ti
Page 66 and 67: would certainly want to continue wo
Page 68 and 69: (Transgender, 53 yrs, Upper seconda
Page 70 and 71: “Sometimes I didn’t get enough
Page 72 and 73: positively portray people living wi
Page 74 and 75: “After my diagnosis...I’ll pay
Page 76 and 77: not know or might not want to be bo
Page 78 and 79: (UNAIDS 2005).(UNAIDS 2000):The fac
Page 80 and 81: “…bawak saya pergi hospital. An
Page 82 and 83: erpindah ke tempat lain makin lama.
Page 84 and 85: pada HIV itu, dia nampak penagih. S
Page 86 and 87: (Male, 49yrs, University education,
Page 88 and 89: However this association with the n
Page 90 and 91: “…..depends on who is the perso
Page 92 and 93: (“I …my experience society will
Page 94 and 95: (“Can…can marry, no problem. Bu
Page 96 and 97: Harm Reduction programmeSome urban
Page 98 and 99: (“In my opinion such campaign sta
Page 100 and 101: Table 2aDistribution of Respondents
Page 102 and 103: female sex workers (seven out of 13
Page 104 and 105: NO. OF LIVING PARENTSNobody 7 1 1 2
Page 106 and 107: tested in drug rehabilitation cente
Page 110 and 111: y the Ministry of Health (74.2%) or
Page 113 and 114: Child CareYes, often 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
Page 115 and 116: GroupsDUHetero-SexuallyInfectedMenT
Page 117 and 118: Figure 5: Percentage of Respondents
Page 119 and 120: GroupsTable 12aEmotional Problems E
Page 121 and 122: Stigmatization and how it has affec
Page 123 and 124: GroupsTable 15How They Cope With Th
Page 125 and 126: Table 18Percentage Of Respondents W
Page 127 and 128: esponsible for their families. As m
Page 129 and 130: In this study, it took more effort
Page 131 and 132: eing transgender and sex worker whe
Page 133 and 134: denies them social and economic opp
Page 135 and 136: working towards their future, who c
Page 137 and 138: ReferencesAidsmeds.com (2006). Curr
Page 139 and 140: Sen G, George A, Ostlin P (2002). E
Page 141 and 142: Annex II: FGD Guide for PLHIV Group
Page 143 and 144: ♦ Spouse: marital/sexual relation
Page 145 and 146: I. Attitudes and Perceptions relate
Page 147 and 148: I. HIV/AIDS Knowledge‣ What did y
Page 149 and 150: Annex V: Rapid Needs Assessment Que
Page 151 and 152: Types of support or responsibilityM
Page 153 and 154: Please tick (√)one onlyIf yes,ple
Page 155 and 156: more help would be useful for you i
Page 157 and 158: Annex VI: Ethics Approval Letter157
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