(“I …my experience society will never accept. Mouth says never-mind,never-mind but they will never accept”)(Rural, Malay, Female)Employment for PLHIVMost feel that they should continue to be employed or be given employment because theyneed to sustain themselves, but some were quick to point out that they should given workthat does not run the risk of being physically hurt (resulting in bleeding). Some say thatthey should be far enough so that there is no possibility of coming into contact with thesaliva of the infected.“sebenarnya kita kena beri peluanglah Kita kena beri peluang”(“actually we have to give them the opportunity. We must give them theopportunity”)(Urban, Malay, Female)“Dan mereka ini perlu diasingkan dan diberi kerja tempat yangdisediakan khas untuk…untuk mereka”(“And they should be separated and given a space specially for them”)(Urban, Malay, Male)A few of the participants were of the thought that they should not be taken into the foodindustry because of the fear that they can contaminate the food they serve. Others felt thatthey should be treated like the disabled where they can come together and producehandicraft for sale.Impact on the family“Segan” [Shy] and “Malu” [Shame] explains how families feel when a member isinfected. However, one member was quick to add that it was the community’s mistakenperception.“Malu. Sebab masyarakat ini pandang seronglah kalau kata orang adaHIV ni. terkena HIV, mesti ada masyarakat pandang serong.”(“Shame. Because the view of our society is distorted. Infected with HIV,society will have distorted views”.)(Urban, Malay, Female)“Yang pertama, mereka akan malulah, malu besar, sebab rata-rata kitatahu, semua orang tahi bahawa HIV/<strong>AIDS</strong> akan ditentukan datangdaripada hubungan seks, itu yang pertama, sebab yang paling atas sekali,jadi dadah ini mungkin jatuh kepada nombor dua, nombor tiga yang lain,jadi bila mereka disahkan HIV, itu yang masyarakat tahu. Jadi yang ituyang menyebabkan mereka malu. Tapi pada saya, sebenarnya benda itubiasa saja, tinggal lagi mungkin kerana mereka tu tidak ada pengetahuan92
untuk melaku seks secara selamat. Tapi mereka terpaksa menerima kesanyang mereka malu besarlah…………Oleh kerana you ni orang jahat, youni jadi banyak benda yang akan dituduh kepada penyakit.”(“First they will be shameful. Very shameful because everybody knowsthat HIV/<strong>AIDS</strong> is a result of sex, that is number one, because it is thehighest, drugd is perhaps the number two cause, three due to others.Therefore when it is confirm that he has HIV the society knows. This iswhat makes them shameful. For me it is a normal affair, it could bebecause they did not know how to have safe sex. But they must receivethe consequences - very shameful……..Because you are a bad personyou will be infected”)(Rural, Malay, Male)On the other hand affected families are already depressed over the matter and should beshown some sympathy. Furthermore the community does not really know how the personwas infected in the first instance. In conclusion it could be noted that that some memberswere sympathetic but others do judge the family but whatever their feeling these families“memang diabaikan” (“definitely avoid them”) (Rural Malay Male) and participantswere also aware that even after the death of the individual families continue to isolatethemselves.Marriage for PLHIVMost of the participants felt that they should not marry if one of them tested positivebefore marriage but if both were positive it was different. Still others say that it is up tothe couple themselves. They can marry but must receive counselling to understand theconsequences as well as to protect themselves.“Tak boleh lah..tak mau..kalau kalau perempuan kena HIV..laki-laki tentudia tak mau.”(“Cannot lah…don’t want ..if the woman tested positive the men willdefinitely not want”)(Rural, Malay, Male)“Jangkit satu orang lagi.Dia jadi dua kan. Nanti keadaan dia jaditiga….kalau kita tahu tak payah lah.”(“One infected, it becomes two. Then it becomes three. If we know noneed lah”)(Rural, Malay, Male)“Boleh….boleh kahwin, no problem. Tapi you must knowlah you tak bolehdapat anak because of you. I you. So macam mana nak dapat anak.Kalau…kalau dia dah macam memanglah nowadays dah cinta sangat, diatak kira apa. Makbapak cakap jangan, dia kahwin juga. Tapi we need togive counseling dan berpanjanganlah. That one kesan …bahagiankaunselor dan NGO kena ambil..ambil tu lah.. dalam hal ini”)93
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Table of ContentsPROJECT TEAM 5ACKN
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Information received at the time of
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AcknowledgementsThis research is fu
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The main findings from the qualitat
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school or work, transport costs for
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is that the large majority of women
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In fact, special surveys conducted
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ObjectivesThe specific objectives o
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have been rejected by their immedia
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eport) that his/her healthcare (or
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CommunityKnowledge/awareness of HIV
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Framework of analysisA descriptive
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urban and a rural community. In all
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medication, the physical health com
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husbands working in other places wh
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(“And then, this doctor, he/she v
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their food. Nurses and their attend
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“Because we take drugs….no time
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- Page 44 and 45: in asking them to use condoms, even
- Page 46 and 47: “Normally…..normally, memang ma
- Page 48 and 49: (“But I continued using at that t
- Page 50 and 51: “Buat pada permulaannya, saya mem
- Page 52 and 53: However, not all experiences with d
- Page 54 and 55: yang amat sangat. Tak pernah I rasa
- Page 56 and 57: long term fears and anxieties. The
- Page 58 and 59: “The first time I heard from the
- Page 60 and 61: handset, I too, have handset. Some
- Page 62 and 63: have been turning to God since and
- Page 64 and 65: felt I’m indecent. But, at one ti
- Page 66 and 67: would certainly want to continue wo
- Page 68 and 69: (Transgender, 53 yrs, Upper seconda
- Page 70 and 71: “Sometimes I didn’t get enough
- Page 72 and 73: positively portray people living wi
- Page 74 and 75: “After my diagnosis...I’ll pay
- Page 76 and 77: not know or might not want to be bo
- Page 78 and 79: (UNAIDS 2005).(UNAIDS 2000):The fac
- Page 80 and 81: “…bawak saya pergi hospital. An
- Page 82 and 83: erpindah ke tempat lain makin lama.
- Page 84 and 85: pada HIV itu, dia nampak penagih. S
- Page 86 and 87: (Male, 49yrs, University education,
- Page 88 and 89: However this association with the n
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- Page 100 and 101: Table 2aDistribution of Respondents
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- Page 104 and 105: NO. OF LIVING PARENTSNobody 7 1 1 2
- Page 106 and 107: tested in drug rehabilitation cente
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- Page 110 and 111: y the Ministry of Health (74.2%) or
- Page 113 and 114: Child CareYes, often 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
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- Page 117 and 118: Figure 5: Percentage of Respondents
- Page 119 and 120: GroupsTable 12aEmotional Problems E
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- Page 123 and 124: GroupsTable 15How They Cope With Th
- Page 125 and 126: Table 18Percentage Of Respondents W
- Page 127 and 128: esponsible for their families. As m
- Page 129 and 130: In this study, it took more effort
- Page 131 and 132: eing transgender and sex worker whe
- Page 133 and 134: denies them social and economic opp
- Page 135 and 136: working towards their future, who c
- Page 137 and 138: ReferencesAidsmeds.com (2006). Curr
- Page 139 and 140: Sen G, George A, Ostlin P (2002). E
- Page 141 and 142: Annex II: FGD Guide for PLHIV Group
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♦ Spouse: marital/sexual relation
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I. Attitudes and Perceptions relate
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I. HIV/AIDS Knowledge‣ What did y
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Annex V: Rapid Needs Assessment Que
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Types of support or responsibilityM
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Please tick (√)one onlyIf yes,ple
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more help would be useful for you i
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Annex VI: Ethics Approval Letter157