“…..depends on who is the person, like the drug addict or the sex worker,No, no, no feeling for them lah. So like those who accidentally kena(acquired) one, we just act normal. act normal ahh, we friend, we act likeyou don’t have the HIV lah. Don’t avoid him.”(Urban, Chinese, Male)Nonetheless, it was obvious that while the participants feel that they should besympathetic and caring they had reservations and <strong>this</strong> forces them to be cautious.“Yalah biasanya…mereka yang dah kena HIV tu…biasa masyarakatbiasanya tak boleh terimalah. Tak berani nak berkawan. Sebab yalahmungkin takut. Mungkin mereka pun berhati-hati takut terkena pada dirimereka ke. Tapi tulah….sebenarnya kita tak boleh pandang rendahjugakan?. Jadi…kita kena beri sokongan kepada tulah..kanak-kanakke…orang yang dijangkiti HIV sebab HIV ni tak merebak melaluisentuhan…tapi melalui itulah…HIV darah…hubungan sekstukan?..contoh kalau kita berkawan, tak apa…boleh.”(“Yes, it is common those who have been infected with HIV it is commonthat society do not accept them. Not brave enough to befriend. Becauseyes maybe they are afraid. Maybe they are also cautious because they areafraid of being infected. But actually we should not look down on themalso isn’t it? Therefore we should support them, to the children, to theinfected because cannot be transmitted through touch but HIV istransmitted through blood and sex right? For example if we befriend themcannot”)(Rural, Malay, Female)“Guru pun sama. Bila macam dapat tahu, ada sebahagian guru-guruakan rasa kurang selesa. Mana…dari segi penerimaan tu terlalu berhatihati.Mana mungkin takut nak sentuh dia….takut nak dekat, nak rapat,nak bercakap pun takut.”(“Teachers are the same. When they get to know some of them feeluneasy. They will accept them with caution, where they are scared totouch, scared to be near to speak to them also fearful”)(Urban, Malay, Female)Not only society stigmatises people with HIV. They also tend to throw blame on theinfected as well as their family members.“Macam kawan saya tu…dia suami dia penagih kan. Tapi dia dapat katdia tapi.. ah, macam famili suami dia tu pasal macam berpunca daripadadia. Tuduh dia.”(“Like my friend…her husband was an addict. Then she got it from himbut her husband’s family says that it was from her. Blames her”)(Rural, Malay, Female)90
Attitudes towards PLHIV as neighboursStigma against PLHIVs and their family is rampant although the community FGDparticipants were not conscious of the fact that they were indeed stigmatizing PLHIVs.On the one hand they say that they will accept them into the neighbourhood they wouldalso ask their family members to be careful (berhati-hati).“Kalau apa, kalau kita tahu, memang tak ada masalah lah Cuma darisegi keluarga kita, kita just inform dekat semua famili, untuk …mungkinjangan pergi ke sebelah. Tapi kita, just inform pada keluarga tanpapengetahuan merekalah. Dari segi nak duduk sebelah tak ada masalah.”(“If we know, it is definitely not a problem. Only with our family we justinform them not to go next door. But we just inform our family withoutthe infected person knowing. If they just want to live next door, noproblem”)(Rural, Malay, Male)“Pada pandangan saya lah, saya buat macam biasalah. Kawan biasa,tapi macam Mr. G pun cakap kita take precaution.”(“In my opinion, I will act normal. Normal friends but as MR. G said wetake precautions”)(Urban, Chinese, Male)This obviously shows that by having to say the family should take precautions we haveindeed driving a wedge between the infected and the community. Perhaps the avoidanceis borne out of fear of being infected by them. One member was quick to point out thatwith knowledge on how it is spread he has changed his feelings from avoidance to one ofsympathy. At no time should society hate them.“So they will avoid him, that’s the first thing lah. The other thing I wantedto say, the public view also is created because of the Government.Because see as Che Kah was telling, when they brought the body of hiscousin, they didn’t even let them go near. So the government has put,some sort of impression, you know, the seriousness of the sick. So, whenyou have a patient in the family, they will know the family, the outsidealso will feel the same thing. So, that actually ahh…part of it and I havecome across a lot of that thing also they don’t even, don’t the coffincompletely blocked, closed….so you can even by seeing it you can get itis it? So one you have a family member with <strong>AIDS</strong>, so the public havethat type of impression you know.(Urban, Indian, Male)Perhaps the following statement sums up how out Malaysian society view PLHIVs“Saya…pengalaman saya memang…memang masyarakat takkanterimalah. Mulut kata takpa-takpa tapi hati ini…memang tak bolehterima.”91
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Table of ContentsPROJECT TEAM 5ACKN
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Information received at the time of
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AcknowledgementsThis research is fu
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The main findings from the qualitat
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school or work, transport costs for
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is that the large majority of women
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In fact, special surveys conducted
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ObjectivesThe specific objectives o
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have been rejected by their immedia
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eport) that his/her healthcare (or
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CommunityKnowledge/awareness of HIV
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Framework of analysisA descriptive
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urban and a rural community. In all
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medication, the physical health com
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husbands working in other places wh
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(“And then, this doctor, he/she v
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their food. Nurses and their attend
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- Page 46 and 47: “Normally…..normally, memang ma
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- Page 52 and 53: However, not all experiences with d
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- Page 56 and 57: long term fears and anxieties. The
- Page 58 and 59: “The first time I heard from the
- Page 60 and 61: handset, I too, have handset. Some
- Page 62 and 63: have been turning to God since and
- Page 64 and 65: felt I’m indecent. But, at one ti
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- Page 68 and 69: (Transgender, 53 yrs, Upper seconda
- Page 70 and 71: “Sometimes I didn’t get enough
- Page 72 and 73: positively portray people living wi
- Page 74 and 75: “After my diagnosis...I’ll pay
- Page 76 and 77: not know or might not want to be bo
- Page 78 and 79: (UNAIDS 2005).(UNAIDS 2000):The fac
- Page 80 and 81: “…bawak saya pergi hospital. An
- Page 82 and 83: erpindah ke tempat lain makin lama.
- Page 84 and 85: pada HIV itu, dia nampak penagih. S
- Page 86 and 87: (Male, 49yrs, University education,
- Page 88 and 89: However this association with the n
- Page 92 and 93: (“I …my experience society will
- Page 94 and 95: (“Can…can marry, no problem. Bu
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- Page 100 and 101: Table 2aDistribution of Respondents
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- Page 104 and 105: NO. OF LIVING PARENTSNobody 7 1 1 2
- Page 106 and 107: tested in drug rehabilitation cente
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- Page 110 and 111: y the Ministry of Health (74.2%) or
- Page 113 and 114: Child CareYes, often 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
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- Page 117 and 118: Figure 5: Percentage of Respondents
- Page 119 and 120: GroupsTable 12aEmotional Problems E
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- Page 123 and 124: GroupsTable 15How They Cope With Th
- Page 125 and 126: Table 18Percentage Of Respondents W
- Page 127 and 128: esponsible for their families. As m
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- Page 131 and 132: eing transgender and sex worker whe
- Page 133 and 134: denies them social and economic opp
- Page 135 and 136: working towards their future, who c
- Page 137 and 138: ReferencesAidsmeds.com (2006). Curr
- Page 139 and 140: Sen G, George A, Ostlin P (2002). E
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Annex II: FGD Guide for PLHIV Group
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♦ Spouse: marital/sexual relation
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I. Attitudes and Perceptions relate
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I. HIV/AIDS Knowledge‣ What did y
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Annex V: Rapid Needs Assessment Que
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Types of support or responsibilityM
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Please tick (√)one onlyIf yes,ple
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more help would be useful for you i
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Annex VI: Ethics Approval Letter157