(“In my opinion such campaign starts from the home”)(Rural, Malay, Male)“If children means parents should take care”(Urban, Indian, Female)“Sex education memang perlu…sekolah menengah. Sebab pelajar-pelajarini terlalu terpengaruh ..apa…they attracted to outside world. So. Jadi sexeducation, drug education mesti nak beri”(“Sex education is needed…secondary school. Because students are vermuch influenced…they are attracted to the outside world…So sexeducation, drug education must be given”)(Urban, Indian, Female)National Service was also mentioned as an opportunity to impart knowledge of HIV toyoung people. Factory workers and foreign workers were two other populations whichparticipants felt that we could target.In terms of approach participants suggested:• Awareness campaigns on a wide scale so that it can also reach the rural areas• Control of the internet• Testing of Tourists• Education for foreign workers both legal as well as the illegalIn summary, twenty years into the epidemic yet the knowledge of community is shallow.The community has heard of the terms “HIV’ and “<strong>AIDS</strong>” but the details of transmissionare not clearly known. Only once in the four FGDs on community was there mention of“unprotected sex” as the cause. It was always moral loaded terms “free sex”, sex outsideof marriage that cause the spread. The blame on drugs is universal partly because of themedia and the manner we collect data in the country. Stigma, which is rampant in ourcommunity, is not really perceived as such by participants. Participants expressstatements such as “We must show sympathy”, “…support”, etc., “like all goodneighbours but we must be cautious”, “…cautious with our children playing with them”,“….with the food they offer us in return” (as most good neighbours do).For those aware of the process, <strong>this</strong> fear of infection is reinforced by the manner in whichthe remains of <strong>AIDS</strong> infected relatives is prepared for burial. The stigma from societythat PLHIVs often perceive and express is, in fact, supported by reality. Clearly, thegeneral community has yet to internalize the messages that HIV cannot be transmittedthrough touch or food. Furthermore, there are many who do not realise that by sayingthat they need to exercise caution when mixing with a certain group they are, in fact,manifesting stigma and discrimination. Possibly, the HIV epidemic has to reach theproportion of drug abuse in <strong>this</strong> country, i.e., when having an infected family memberbecomes so common-place, before society starts to believe that it cannot spread throughthose means.98
Results of the Survey: “What we need”Characteristics of the Study PopulationThe study population of 93 was made up of the following groups based on theirvulnerability to infection. These groups included (Table 1):• Male drug users (DU) which numbered 27 or 29% of the total population ofrespondents.• Heterosexually infected men numbering eight and forming 8.6% of totalpopulation• Men who have sex with men (MSM) numbering eight (8.6%)• Heterosexually infected women numbering 22 or 23.7%• Female sex workers numbering 13 or 14.0%• Transgender sex workers (eight members or 8.6%),• Refugees from Myanmar (7 or 7.5%) who incidentally were all male.Table 1Distribution of Respondents by FGD GroupsGROUP No. %1 Drug Users (DU) 27 29.02 Heterosexually infected men 8 8.63 Men who have sex with men (MSM) 8 8.64 Heterosexually Infected Women 22 23.75 Female sex workers 13 14.06 Transgender l Sex workers 8 8.67 Refugees from Myanmar (Chins) 7 7.5Total 93 100Background of RespondentsGenderMore than half of the respondents (53.8%) were males (Table 2). Slightly over one third(36.6%) were females while 9.6% were transgender.EthnicityAbout one third (31 or 33.3%) of the respondents were Malays, almost half (16) of whomcame from the male DU group (Table 2). Incidentally, more than half of <strong>this</strong> group(59.3%) were Malays. About a quarter (7 out of 22) of the women infected by their99
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Table of ContentsPROJECT TEAM 5ACKN
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Information received at the time of
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AcknowledgementsThis research is fu
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The main findings from the qualitat
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school or work, transport costs for
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is that the large majority of women
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In fact, special surveys conducted
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ObjectivesThe specific objectives o
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have been rejected by their immedia
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eport) that his/her healthcare (or
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CommunityKnowledge/awareness of HIV
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Framework of analysisA descriptive
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urban and a rural community. In all
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medication, the physical health com
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husbands working in other places wh
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(“And then, this doctor, he/she v
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their food. Nurses and their attend
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“Because we take drugs….no time
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The same claim to 100% condom use w
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in asking them to use condoms, even
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“Normally…..normally, memang ma
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- Page 56 and 57: long term fears and anxieties. The
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- Page 62 and 63: have been turning to God since and
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- Page 78 and 79: (UNAIDS 2005).(UNAIDS 2000):The fac
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- Page 137 and 138: ReferencesAidsmeds.com (2006). Curr
- Page 139 and 140: Sen G, George A, Ostlin P (2002). E
- Page 141 and 142: Annex II: FGD Guide for PLHIV Group
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Annex V: Rapid Needs Assessment Que
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Types of support or responsibilityM
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Please tick (√)one onlyIf yes,ple
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more help would be useful for you i
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Annex VI: Ethics Approval Letter157