(Male, 49yrs, University education, DU)“People looked….uneasy lah. They look at you like an alien. At times, itis as though they are looking at something that is dirty, you know,something that is already contaminated. No doubt…yeah… contaminated.But, the look they gave us is scarier than the words they have to say. Weare only humans, we have emotions also”(Male, 44yrs, Upper secondary education, DU)“Fear others will look down on me. Fear others are afraid of me”(Female, 43yrs, Primary education, Infected Partner)“For me, if I tell the community/family, they may not love me like before.I mean, I fear that they may reject me lah”(Male, 24yrs, Primary education, Refugee)“I did not tell my family because I am afraid they will hate me. If myfamily knows, may be they kick me away”(Female, 40yrs, Lower secondary education, SW)To summarise, the FGDs revealed that PLHIV in <strong>this</strong> study, whether they areinfected partners, heterosexual men, MSM, transsexuals, drug users, refugees orsex workers, face and fear stigmatization and discrimination in their every daylives. Some have experienced insults, harassment, ridicule and humiliation. Somehave been forced, overtly or subtly, to resign from their place of employment.Although moral judgements may play a part, it is evident that fear of contagion byHIV-infected people is one of the root causes of the stigma attached to HIV.Clearly, years of IEC have not convinced people of the routes of transmission andlay-persons, and even some healthcare workers, are still fearful of being infectedfrom casual or close contact. The persistence of <strong>this</strong> misconception is supportedby the FGDs with communities (described below) and needs to be redressed.Moreover, with such prejudice and discrimination against PLHIV, the breech ofconfidentiality from healthcare providers or related HIV agencies assumes greatersignificance in light of the severe psychological and emotional stress it causes.Whether real or perceived, <strong>this</strong> fear of stigmatization and discrimination affectstheir quality of life and denies them social and economic opportunities throughnot only negative actions by others but also self-imposed isolation and limitations.86
Voices from the CommunityFour FGDs were conducted, two in a rural community and two from an urban setting. Ineach of these communities, discussions were conducted in sex-specific groups of eight toten participants each with ages ranging from 20 to 50 years of age.Knowledge of HIV/<strong>AIDS</strong>TransmissionAll members of the community have heard of HIV/<strong>AIDS</strong> but their level of knowledgediffered. All members associated HIV/<strong>AIDS</strong> with drug abuse. This was especially so inthe rural community where according to the members they have had one of their villageyouths who worked in the city contracted it and was buried in the village. There werealso conscious of the fact that it is the sharing of needles in drug abuse that spreads theinfection – “Jarum, Berkongsi lah. Suntikan dadahlah. Orang yang menagih dadah lah.”(Sharing needles. Injecting drugs, people who are addicted to drugs). One participant feltthat it was drugs that also lead those who abuse it to indulge in risky behavior includinghaving “seks bebas” (free sex).“Dadah yang negatif ah..yang dilarang oleh kerajaan. Bila diakena dadah dia carilah perempuan – perempuan sumbanganhubungan seks kan”(“Drugs that is negative, that is forbidden by the Government.When they get addicted they search for girls – girls source ofsexual relations isn’t it?”)(Urban, Malay, Male)All the participants also agreed that the infection could spread through sex with multiplepartners. Some the terms used included:“seks rambang” (casual sex)“Pergaulan bebas”(free socialising)“Bertukar-tukar pasangan” (multiple sex partners)“Seks bebas” (free sex)They also mentioned that homosexuality can also spread the virus.“membuat atau melakukan hubungan seks dengan sesiapa sajasama ada perempuan atau lelaki sama jenis ataupun sama jenis inicara berlakunya.”(“Having or doing sex with anybody be it women or men same sexor same sex that is how it spreads”)(Rural, Malay, Male)87
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Table of ContentsPROJECT TEAM 5ACKN
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Information received at the time of
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AcknowledgementsThis research is fu
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The main findings from the qualitat
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school or work, transport costs for
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is that the large majority of women
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In fact, special surveys conducted
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ObjectivesThe specific objectives o
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have been rejected by their immedia
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eport) that his/her healthcare (or
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CommunityKnowledge/awareness of HIV
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Framework of analysisA descriptive
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urban and a rural community. In all
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medication, the physical health com
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husbands working in other places wh
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- Page 42 and 43: The same claim to 100% condom use w
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- Page 46 and 47: “Normally…..normally, memang ma
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- Page 56 and 57: long term fears and anxieties. The
- Page 58 and 59: “The first time I heard from the
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- Page 62 and 63: have been turning to God since and
- Page 64 and 65: felt I’m indecent. But, at one ti
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- Page 70 and 71: “Sometimes I didn’t get enough
- Page 72 and 73: positively portray people living wi
- Page 74 and 75: “After my diagnosis...I’ll pay
- Page 76 and 77: not know or might not want to be bo
- Page 78 and 79: (UNAIDS 2005).(UNAIDS 2000):The fac
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- Page 82 and 83: erpindah ke tempat lain makin lama.
- Page 84 and 85: pada HIV itu, dia nampak penagih. S
- Page 88 and 89: However this association with the n
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- Page 113 and 114: Child CareYes, often 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
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ReferencesAidsmeds.com (2006). Curr
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Sen G, George A, Ostlin P (2002). E
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Annex II: FGD Guide for PLHIV Group
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♦ Spouse: marital/sexual relation
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I. Attitudes and Perceptions relate
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I. HIV/AIDS Knowledge‣ What did y
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Annex V: Rapid Needs Assessment Que
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Types of support or responsibilityM
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Please tick (√)one onlyIf yes,ple
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more help would be useful for you i
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Annex VI: Ethics Approval Letter157