positively portray people living with HIV/<strong>AIDS</strong> in their daily lives, going to work,working towards their future, and can be part of the community.“Because ah...I feel like you know when first HIV was introduced to thepublic ah...is like in a way, that you know, they give to the stigma to thepublic already, you know. The awareness...you see the earliest postersah...when they say about HIV/<strong>AIDS</strong> ah...they only show the people whoare lying on the bed, you know in the dying stage. You know, the kind ofside effects they have and everything. I was wondering why they don’twant to show people like us. You know, people who are healthy. But nowthey are doing it slowly. But earlier, when HIV was you know was...theybrought in a very negative way.”(Male, 36 yrs, Upper secondary education, DU)“In our country, we started off from the wrong foot. We started offscaring people. Not educating them...That, that is our mistake. Tend togive scare telling everybody you know don’t go here, HIV and all that butyou don’t educate what.”(Male, 44 yrs, Upper secondary education, DU)“So they, they give like you know...they do ah... you knowah...documentaries on HIV on you know how the thing will spread andeverything but they are very less exposed...about you know the life ofpeople with HIV. You know how they go through their daily lifesomething like that. You know and there’s no specific program you knowthat really tells you know give a very positive...ah...feedback about peopleliving with HIV you know like ah...community service, you know acombined community service, people with HIV and non-HIV...Everytimethere’s a topic come out with HIV the association they associate the topicwith hospital. Hospice, you know are on your way to die. You know,something like that itself. You know, it is not something that you knowah...showing that you know that you can live with HIV, you can have anormal life, you can do things, you know, you can, you can have a futureor something like that. Is always narrow down to you know to that(dying)...Maybe if they can broaden up.”(Male, 36 yrs, Upper secondary education, DU)Their rural counterparts in Kelantan, on the other hand, lamented the lack of knowledge,awareness, and acceptance of HIV/<strong>AIDS</strong> in the villages and interior; the reasons beinglack of exposure and education on the issue. When there is lack of exposure, the ruralcommunity are not able to identify with the issue in their midst, and their perception ofHIV/<strong>AIDS</strong> follows stereotypes such as HIV/<strong>AIDS</strong> is a problem of the drug user, the sexworker i.e. some other people’s problem and not happening in their villages. Moreover, ifthere is any coverage on HIV/<strong>AIDS</strong> in the media, the message conveyed is one of fear i.e.HIV kills - agreeing with criticism of their urban counterparts.“Jadi...arr...pendedahan...ataupun ilmu itu penting sebenarnya. Danlepas tu masyarakat kita tak dapat accept...sebab...salah satu sebahialah...dia fikir HIV tu bukan masalah saya. Ah...sebenarnya HIV tu ialahsatu masalah...sebab...ia adalah satu ilmu pengetahuan untuk...untuk kita72
uat sempadan...lah...untuk keluarga...Sekarang masalahnya dalamkeluarga...HIV bukan masalah aku...HIV masalah penagih...masalah sexworker...masalah dia orang...dia orang...dia orang. So, itu yang menjadimenyebabkan...dia orang tak ambil tahu...Bila tak ambil tahu, dia orangtak tahu apa itu HIV.”(“So...arr...exposure...or knowledge is important really. And also oursociety can’t accept...because...one of the reasons is...they think HIV isnot my problem. Ah...really, HIV is a problem...because...it is oneknowledge for...for us to put up boundaries la...for our families. Now theproblem in our family is...HIV is not my problem...HIV is problem of thedrug user...problem of the sex worker...other people’s problem...otherpeople’s problem. So, <strong>this</strong> is why they don’t want to take the trouble toknow...When don’t know, they don’t know anything about HIV”)(Male, 32 yrs, Upper secondary education, DU)A couple of them proposed an awareness campaign should be conducted in the villagesand interior distributing leaflets with factual information on transmission of HIV/<strong>AIDS</strong> toreduce fear and stigma about the disease. They suggested to mobilize the village religiousteacher, Member of Parliament, village health clinics to be involved in the campaign.A few of the respondents in the group of infected partners also criticized the earlyHIV/<strong>AIDS</strong> awareness efforts, especially conveying the message that HIV kills and thatonly the drug user and the sex worker contracts HIV/<strong>AIDS</strong>. Instead, efforts should focuson understanding and ways to help people living with HIV/<strong>AIDS</strong>.“Lagi tu masa tu...dekat I from Kedah...kat situ ada besar-besarsignboard...(jalan) ke rumah mother I...’<strong>AIDS</strong> membunuh’...Kalau <strong>AIDS</strong>tu...mesti kita mati...mungkin masa tu I boleh bunuh diri ke...apa kekan...sebab kita tak tau...Jangan iklan tu...<strong>AIDS</strong> tu pembunuh...janganmain pelacur ahh...apa jangan hisap dadah. Bukan macam tu...I bukanpelacur...I bukan hisap dadah...kenapa saya pun boleh kena...masa tu Imuda...macam mana saya boleh kena kan...bukan saja pelacur dan...drugaddict yang boleh kena HIV. Semua orang boleh kena HIV...and then,kalau you dah kena HIV...macam mana keluarga boleh jaga youahh...cara-cara tu yang...kena lagi banyak.”(“Also at that time...near...I from Kedah...there is a big signboard... (onthe road) to my mother’s house...’<strong>AIDS</strong> kills’...If <strong>AIDS</strong> ... we mustdie...maybe at the time I could have killed myself or what not...becausewe did not know... Shouldn’t have that advertisement...<strong>AIDS</strong> is akiller...don’t play with prostitutes ah...what...don’t get into drugs. It’s notlike that...I’m not a prostitute...I don’t do drugs...why did I get it...at thetime I was young...how did I get it...not only prostitutes and...drug addictthat can get HIV. All can contract HIV...and then, if you get HIV...howcan your family care for you ahh...these ways...should be more”)(Transgender, 27 yrs, Primary education, Infected Partner)One respondent’s views seemed to pose a good summary about HIV/<strong>AIDS</strong> awarenessand advocacy:73
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Table of ContentsPROJECT TEAM 5ACKN
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Information received at the time of
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AcknowledgementsThis research is fu
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The main findings from the qualitat
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school or work, transport costs for
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is that the large majority of women
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In fact, special surveys conducted
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ObjectivesThe specific objectives o
- Page 22 and 23: have been rejected by their immedia
- Page 24 and 25: eport) that his/her healthcare (or
- Page 26 and 27: CommunityKnowledge/awareness of HIV
- Page 28 and 29: Framework of analysisA descriptive
- Page 30 and 31: urban and a rural community. In all
- Page 32 and 33: medication, the physical health com
- Page 34 and 35: husbands working in other places wh
- Page 36 and 37: (“And then, this doctor, he/she v
- Page 38 and 39: their food. Nurses and their attend
- Page 40 and 41: “Because we take drugs….no time
- Page 42 and 43: The same claim to 100% condom use w
- Page 44 and 45: in asking them to use condoms, even
- Page 46 and 47: “Normally…..normally, memang ma
- Page 48 and 49: (“But I continued using at that t
- Page 50 and 51: “Buat pada permulaannya, saya mem
- Page 52 and 53: However, not all experiences with d
- Page 54 and 55: yang amat sangat. Tak pernah I rasa
- Page 56 and 57: long term fears and anxieties. The
- Page 58 and 59: “The first time I heard from the
- Page 60 and 61: handset, I too, have handset. Some
- Page 62 and 63: have been turning to God since and
- Page 64 and 65: felt I’m indecent. But, at one ti
- Page 66 and 67: would certainly want to continue wo
- Page 68 and 69: (Transgender, 53 yrs, Upper seconda
- Page 70 and 71: “Sometimes I didn’t get enough
- Page 74 and 75: “After my diagnosis...I’ll pay
- Page 76 and 77: not know or might not want to be bo
- Page 78 and 79: (UNAIDS 2005).(UNAIDS 2000):The fac
- Page 80 and 81: “…bawak saya pergi hospital. An
- Page 82 and 83: erpindah ke tempat lain makin lama.
- Page 84 and 85: pada HIV itu, dia nampak penagih. S
- Page 86 and 87: (Male, 49yrs, University education,
- Page 88 and 89: However this association with the n
- Page 90 and 91: “…..depends on who is the perso
- Page 92 and 93: (“I …my experience society will
- Page 94 and 95: (“Can…can marry, no problem. Bu
- Page 96 and 97: Harm Reduction programmeSome urban
- Page 98 and 99: (“In my opinion such campaign sta
- Page 100 and 101: Table 2aDistribution of Respondents
- Page 102 and 103: female sex workers (seven out of 13
- Page 104 and 105: NO. OF LIVING PARENTSNobody 7 1 1 2
- Page 106 and 107: tested in drug rehabilitation cente
- Page 108 and 109: GroupsDUHetero-SexuallyInfectedMenT
- Page 110 and 111: y the Ministry of Health (74.2%) or
- Page 113 and 114: Child CareYes, often 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
- Page 115 and 116: GroupsDUHetero-SexuallyInfectedMenT
- Page 117 and 118: Figure 5: Percentage of Respondents
- Page 119 and 120: GroupsTable 12aEmotional Problems E
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GroupsTable 15How They Cope With Th
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Table 18Percentage Of Respondents W
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esponsible for their families. As m
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In this study, it took more effort
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eing transgender and sex worker whe
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denies them social and economic opp
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working towards their future, who c
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ReferencesAidsmeds.com (2006). Curr
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Sen G, George A, Ostlin P (2002). E
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Annex II: FGD Guide for PLHIV Group
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♦ Spouse: marital/sexual relation
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I. Attitudes and Perceptions relate
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I. HIV/AIDS Knowledge‣ What did y
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Annex V: Rapid Needs Assessment Que
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Types of support or responsibilityM
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Please tick (√)one onlyIf yes,ple
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more help would be useful for you i
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Annex VI: Ethics Approval Letter157
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