Chemical biology and drug discoveryD-17-13The antimicrobial peptide pleurocidin leads to oxidative stress-inducedapoptosisJaeyong Cho and Dong Gun LeeSchool of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook NationalUniversity, Daegu 702-701, KoreaPleurocidin, is derived from the skin mucous of the winter flounder Pleuronectesamericanus, exerts antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria and fungi bydisrupting fungal plasma membrane. We confirmed the increase of reactive oxygenspecies (ROS) and hydroxyl radicals in the cells treated pleurocidin, measure bydihydrorhodamine-<strong>12</strong>3 (DHR-<strong>12</strong>3) and 3`-(p-hydroxylphenyl) fluorescein (HPF). ROS isknown as a major cause of apoptosis. To investigate the further induction of apoptosis bypleurocidin, several physiochemical changes were examined. Using Annexin V-FITC andpropidium iodide (PI) labeling, the physical changes of cell membrane such asexternalization of phosphatidylserine, a hallmark of early apoptosis, were detected. Flowcytometric analysis, using 3, 3’-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide [DiOC6(3)] and FITC-VAD-FMK, indicated that pleurocidin induced mitochondrial membrane depolarizationand yeast metacaspase generation. It was also observed degradation of DNA andnuclear fragmentation and condensation via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTPnick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and 4’, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. Insummary, these results suggest that pleurocidin can exerts an antifungal effect against C.albicans by inducing apoptotic pathway.D-17-16(+)-medioresinol induces reactive oxygen species and apoptotic celldeath featureJi Hong Hwang, In-sok Hwang and Dong Gun LeeSchool of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook NationalUniversity, Daegu 702-701, KoreaTo investigated the antifungal activity and mode of action of (+)-medioresinol, a furofurantype lignan derived from the root bark of Albizzia julibrissin Duazz. (+)-medioresinoldisplays potent antifungal properties against pathogenic fungi without hemolytic effects. Inthis study that a series of characteristic cellular changes of apoptosis in Candida albicanscan be induced by the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS),dihydrorhodamine <strong>12</strong>3 (DHR-<strong>12</strong>3) staining, the well-known regulators of apoptosis. Tounderstand the mode of action apoptosis, we conducted fluorescence experiment ofphosphatidylserine externalization staining Annexin V-FITC, and meta caspase activityusing FITC-VAD-FMK as caspase inhibitor and plasma membrane depolarization usingbis-trimethine Oxonol dyes [DiBAC4(3)]. Subsequently, for confirmation of apoptosisphenomenon, the following more common experiments were investigated; terminaldeoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). These are confirmed diagnostic markers of yeastapoptosis including a effects of DNA fragmentation. Therefore, the present studyindicates that (+)-medioresinol possesses antifungal activities by inducing apoptosis in C.albicans cells.D-17-14Dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 9’-O-β-D-glucoside, derived fromPhlomis Chimerae Boiss, possesses antifungal property : pore formationand depolarization in fungal membraneHyemin Choi, Jaeyong Cho and Dong Gun LeeSchool of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook NationalUniversity, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Puk-ku, Daegu 702-701, KoreaDihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 9’-O-β-D-glucoside (DHCA), derived from PhlomisChimerae Boiss, is a kind of coniferyl alcohol associated with the defence reactions oftree. In this study, the antifungal effect and mechanisms by DHCA were investigated.DHCA showed potent antifungal effects toward pathogenic fungi with low hemolyticeffects. To characterize the antifungal mechanisms of DHCA, we performed experimentson fungal membrane which most of the current antifungal agents are direct or indirectaction on. The membrane studies through 1, 6-diphenyl-1, 3, 5-hexatriene (DPH),calcein-encapsulating large unilamellar vesicles, rhodamine-labeled giant unilamellarvesicle, and propidium iodide influx indicated that DHCA formed pores in fungalmembrane and created cell shrinkage by leakage of intracellular components. Theexamination of the release of FITC-dextran loaded liposomes demonstrated that theradius of pores was approximately between 2.3 nm and 3.3 nm. The experiment, using 3,3’-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide [diSC3(5)] and bis-(1, 3-dibutylbarbituric acid)trimethine oxonol [DiBAC4(3)], indicated that DHCA depolarized the plasma membraneof the C. albicans. We suggest that DHCA has antifungal activities through pore formationand depolarization in fungal membrane.D-17-17Evaluation of potent inhibitor KHG206<strong>12</strong> against mycobacteriumtuberculosis AHAS through site-directed mutagenesisBaig Irshad Ahmed and Moon-Young YoonDepartment of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, KoreaThe acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), which is involved in the biosynthesis of essentialbranched-chain amino Acids (BCAAs), is the target of several sulfonylureas’imidazolinones classes of commercial herbicides. The chemical KHG206<strong>12</strong> shown highinhibition potency against Mycobacterium tuberculosis AHAS. Docking of KHG206<strong>12</strong>chemical with a homology model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis AHAS reveal the criticalresidues involved in the interaction of KHG206<strong>12</strong> with the catalytic subunit ofMycobacterium tuberculosis AHAS and thereby leading to its inhibition. Site DirectedMutagenesis of these critical residues in catalytic subunit of Mycobacterium tuberculosisAHAS shown strong resistance against KHG206<strong>12</strong> inhibitor. The kinetic results of MutantMtb AHAS shows higher substrate and cofactor requirement for its optimum activity withdecrease Vmax and strong resistance to KHG206<strong>12</strong> compare to wild Mtb AHAS,indicating the critical role of these residues in catalysis and inhibition. The thus this studysuggests that KHG206<strong>12</strong> can be an effective antimicrobial agent against mycobacteriumtuberculosis strain in in-vitro and in-vivo studies and based on its scaffold further it wouldbe helpful in designing more potent antimicrobial agents against Microbial AHAS.D-17-15I3C induces apoptosis through production of hydroxyl radicals andactivation of metacaspaseIn-sok Hwang, Juneyoung Lee and Dong Gun LeeSchool of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook NationalUniversity, Daegu 702-701, KoreaThe apoptosis effect of Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C) on Candida albicans has been rarelyreported. We investigated to find whether I3C caused apoptosis and its mechanism. I3Ctreated cells significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation,measured by dihydrorhodamine-<strong>12</strong>3 (DHR-<strong>12</strong>3) staining. Using the dye 3’-p-(hydroxyphenyl) fluorescein (HPF), we also show that hydroxyl radicals were increased.Hydroxyl radical is one of the most active oxygen and it is the end product of an oxidativedamage cellular death pathway. We observed the exposure of phosphatidylserine by theAnnexin V-FITC staining, the nuclear fragmentation by 4’,6-diamidino-2phenylindole(DAPI) staining, the occurrence of DNA strand breaks by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and the loss of mitochondrialmembrane potential by 3,3’-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide [DiOC6(3)]. In addition, weinvestigated the activity of metacaspase by FITC-VAD-FMK staining. Furthermore, theeffects of thiourea as hydroxyl radical scavenger and protective effect of trehalose, whichis the result of fungal immune system, were also investigated. The current study suggeststhat I3C has an apoptosis effect with production of hydroxyl radicals and metacaspaseactivation.D-17-18Mechanistic studies and inhibitor screening of acetohydroxyacidsynthase from Pseudomonas aeruginosaMi-Young Lee and Moon-Young Yoon*Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, KoreaAcetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), a potential target for antimicrobial agents, catalyzesthe first common step in the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids. The BCAAs,leucine, isoleucine, and valine can be synthesized by plants, algae, fungi, bacteria, andarchaeans, but not by animals. Therefore, the enzymes of this pathway are potentialtarget sites for the development of antifungal agents, antimicrobials and herbicides. Mostresearch has focused upon the first enzyme in this biosynthetic pathway, AHAS largelybecause it is the target site for many commercial herbicides. The gene coding for theAHAS catalytic subunit from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cloned into pET28a vector,overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and purified with a yield of 32 mg/L. The purifiedenzyme was appeared as a single band on SDS-PAGE with a molecular weight of ~63kDa and the specific activity was estimated. Further, the substrate and cofactor saturationkinetics were determined, and the Km for substrate (pyruvate) exhibits higher value thanother sources. Also the enzymatic activity of AHAS is optimized at a pH of 8 and 37℃. Inaddition, the detailed mechanism of P. aeruginosa AHAS inhibition was also addressedwith an aim to develop anti-pseudomonas drugs that inhibit AHAS.220 Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Chemical biology and drug discovery Anal S),without hemolytic effects. Moreover, the membrane studies, diSC₃5 staining, rhodamineleakage from a single giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV), and FITC-dextran leakage assaydemonstrated that the analogs as well as Rev-NIS acted on the bacterial membranes andpotently made pores, with the hydrodynamic radius between 1.4 nm and 2.3 nm.Especially, Anal R made pores with the radius between 2.3 nm and 3.3 nm. These resultsalso corresponded to the result of antibacterial susceptibility testing. In summary, thisstudy suggests that the two arginine residues are more influential than the hydrophobicityor the helicity, regarding the molecular activity of the peptide.D-17-24Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase on human gastric cancercells by apoptosis induced by corosolic acid isolated from weigelasubsessilisEun Young Cha, Myung Sun Lee, Chang Min Lee, Phuong Thien Thuong, KiHwanBae,In Sang Song, Seung Moo Noh and Ji Young SulRegional Cancer Institute, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea, Departmentof Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea, Vietnam National Instituteof Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, Vietnam College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University,Daejeon, Korea, Department of Surgery and Research Institute for Medicinal Sciences, ChungnamNational University School of Medicine, Daejeon, KoreaCorosolic acid is one of the triterpenoids present in the leaves of Weigela subsessilis. Theantidiabetic activity of corosolic acid has been reported previously, but to date, theanticancer effects on gastric cancer have been poorly studied. In this study, corosolic acidshowed growth inhibition on SNU 601 human gastric cancer cells, with an IC50 value of16.9 ± 2.9 μM. Corosolic acid also triggered the activation of caspase-3 and poly(ADPribose) polymerase, while it was recovered by Z-VAD-FMK. Moreover, the cellgrowth/apoptosis activities of corosolic acid were regulated by the AMP-activated proteinkinase-mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPKmTOR) signals. These results showedthat corosolic acid-mediated AMPK activation leads to inhibition of mTOR, thus providinga possible mechanism of action of corosolic acid in the inhibition of cancer cell growthand the induction of apoptosis.Poster Session20<strong>11</strong>년도 생화학분자생물학회 연례국제학술대회221
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