heraldryofyorkmi01custuoft

ROYAL HERALDRY. 367
to proclaim " Long live Henry of Lancaster, King of England and
" France ;" but Charles VII. assumed the Crown, and war was resumed.
Joan of Arc for a time seemed to turn the tide of success against the
English; but after her defeat and death, 1456, the young King Henry VI.
was crowned at Notre Dame, November, 1431, King of France.
For a moment, the dream of English kings again seemed realised, but
only for a moment. During the succeeding twenty years Charles vigorously
prosecuted the war. The death of Bedford was a death-blow to the English
cause. Burgundy allied itself with Charles VII. Paris surrendered to the
King. Lord Talbot, the bravest of English generals, in vain attempted to
preserve Picardy, Maine, and Anjou. Wading the Sonne with the waters
up to his chin, he relieved Crotoy, and in the face of the French army
Pontoise, but in vain. Efforts of peace were made, first
by the release of
the Duke of Orleans, taken at Agincourt; then by the marriage of
Henry VI. to Margaret, daughter of Rene, titular King of Sicily and
Jerusalem, and the cession of Maine and Anjou to him an agreement
which eventually cost Suffolk his head. By the end of August, 1 450, the
whole of Normandy had been completely won back by the French. Then
followed the conquest of Guienne. In three years Chastillon was taken, the
brave Talbot slain in his efforts to relieve it. Bordeaux capitulated shortly
after, Oct. iyth, 1453. The English had no longer any possessions in
France but Calais and Guines. The Hundred Years' War was over.
The number of fleurs-de-lis was not originally defined, and the shield
was termed semee-de-lts, but in the reign of Charles V. they were limited to
three, perhaps in the hope of distinguishing
of England.
the shield of France from that
This, however, was almost immediately adopted by the English
kings, and appears on the great seal of Henry V.; and though the last
remnant of English supremacy was extinguished by the capture of Calais
by the Duke de Guise, 1538, the lilies remained as the first quarter in the
arms of England until the year 1707, when, on the accession of the House
of Hanover, George I. placed England impaling Scotland in the ist quarter,
France in the 2nd, Ireland in the 3rd, and Hanover in the 4th. Upon the
ist ot January, 1801, by royal proclamation, the French fleurs-de-lis were
removed from the arms of England, Hanover placed on an inescutcheon,
and the royal shield of England assumed the aspect with which we are
all familiar as the "Royal Standard."
No motto appears on any of the Royal Heraldry of the Minster, but
perhaps a notice thereof would be scarcely complete without a word thereon.
. The motto Honi soit qui mal y pense, belongs, as I have already
said, page 213, to the Order of the Garter. I have little to add thereon,
save that further examination tends to throw increased doubt on the story
of the Countess of Salisbury's garter. Indeed, there is a difference of