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Sin death and beyond

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SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN<br />

Andrew Nimmo of Centre for Thomistic Studies, Australia gives the following description<br />

regarding souls of vegetables <strong>and</strong> animals<br />

(http://www.cts.org.au/2000/souls<strong>and</strong>spirits.htm)<br />

Vegetative Soul<br />

The vegetative soul is that which gives life to a plant. It is the lowest soul but not the<br />

lowest substantial form. The lowest substantial forms, which are not souls, are those of<br />

non-living things. The distance between vegetative life <strong>and</strong> non-living creation is infinite<br />

because it is the difference between be <strong>and</strong> be-not (<strong>and</strong> there is no middle between<br />

these). The vegetative soul is therefore infinitely superior to the substantial forms of<br />

inanimate things (e.g. water, gold, nitrogen). The vegetative soul is the root or radical<br />

principle of the plant's powers <strong>and</strong> acts: nutrition, growth <strong>and</strong> generation. The vegetative<br />

soul is formally one i.e. is one soul <strong>and</strong> virtually one i.e. has the power of one soul. The<br />

vegetative soul is intrinsically dependent on matter <strong>and</strong> returns to the potency of matter<br />

when the body fails.<br />

Sensitive Soul<br />

The sensitive soul is that which gives life to a brute (animal). The sensitive soul is infinitely<br />

superior to the vegetative soul because it confers on the animal the ability to know <strong>and</strong><br />

desire. Animals are knowers <strong>and</strong> plants are non-knowers - this is the difference between<br />

be <strong>and</strong> be-not, an infinite gulf.<br />

The sensitive soul is the root or radical principle of the animal's powers <strong>and</strong> acts:<br />

vegetative functions, senses <strong>and</strong> sensations, sense appetites <strong>and</strong> passions. The sensitive<br />

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