Sin death and beyond

More documents

Recommendations

Info

SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN JAINISM For both Buddhism and Jainism, the universe is eternal, matter and souls being equally uncreated. The universe contains gods who may be worshipped for various reasons, but there is no being outside it exercising control over it. The gods and other superhuman beings are all just as subject to karma and rebirth as human beings are. By their actions, souls accumulate karma, which is understood to be a kind of matter, and that accumulation draws them back into a body after death. Decay and death are eternal laws from which nothing can escape not even the gods unless someone can attain iso-entropic transform through "Nishkama Karma" - action without selfish purpose. Release is achieved by purging the soul of all karma, good and bad. Hence, all souls have undergone an infinite number of previous lives, and—with the exception of those who win release from the bondage of karma—will continue to reincarnate, each new life determined by the kind and amount of karma accumulated. Mahavira (ca. 540-468 B.C.), taught that each living creature possesses a material soul jiva) which is originally pure and colorless, but through the activities of life becomes contaminated by karmic matter. Every act committed by man or beast is believed to produce karmic coloring on the soul-light colors for virtuous deeds, medium tones for minor offenses, with the darkest shades being reserved for serious transgressions. Since dark-colored stains are supposed to weigh down the soul, while lighter ones allow it to rise, the light-colored souls will be reborn correspondingly as gods or humans, the darker ones as animals or plants, or as inhabitants of Hell. 139
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN The Jain texts postulate four gatis, that is states-of-existence or birth-categories, within which the soul transmigrates. The four gatis are: Deva (demi-gods), manussya (humans), nāraki (hell beings), and tiryañca (animals, plants, and micro-organisms). The four gatis have four corresponding realms or habitation levels in the vertically tiered Jain universe: Demi-gods occupy the higher levels where the heavens are situated; humans, plants and animals occupy the middle levels; and hellish beings occupy the lower-levels, where seven hells are situated. Depending on its karma, a soul transmigrates and reincarnates within the scope of this cosmology of destinies. The four main destinies are further divided into sub-categories and still smaller sub-categories. In all, Jain texts speak of a cycle of 8.4 million birth destinies in which souls find themselves again and again as they cycle within samsara 140
Page 3 and 4:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND M. M. NINAN S
Page 5 and 6:
CHAPTER SIX DEATH BEFORE ADAM’S F
Page 8 and 9:
CHAPTER ONE ADAM AND THE FALL OF MA
Page 10 and 11:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN "H
Page 12 and 13:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN CH
Page 14 and 15:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN an
Page 16 and 17:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN ad
Page 18 and 19:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN co
Page 20 and 21:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN Le
Page 22 and 23:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN Se
Page 24 and 25:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN B
Page 26 and 27:
Man SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINA
Page 28 and 29:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN st
Page 30 and 31:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN "F
Page 32 and 33:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN to
Page 34 and 35:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN Go
Page 36 and 37:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN It
Page 38 and 39:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN Th
Page 40 and 41:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN ev
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN C
Page 46 and 47:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN So
Page 48 and 49:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN wa
Page 50 and 51:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN C
Page 52 and 53:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN Sp
Page 54 and 55:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN th
Page 56 and 57:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN To
Page 58 and 59:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN A
Page 60 and 61:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN ef
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN Sa
Page 66 and 67:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN ra
Page 68 and 69:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN Af
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN In
Page 76 and 77:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN D
Page 78 and 79:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN E
Page 80 and 81:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN CH
Page 82 and 83:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN
Page 84 and 85:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN Ev
Page 86 and 87:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN Co
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN On
Page 92 and 93:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN al
Page 94 and 95:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN an
Page 96 and 97: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN ..
Page 98 and 99: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN C
Page 100 and 101: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN Or
Page 102 and 103: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN Ma
Page 104 and 105: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN of
Page 106 and 107: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN fa
Page 108 and 109: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN re
Page 110 and 111: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN B
Page 112 and 113: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN At
Page 114 and 115: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN An
Page 116 and 117: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN CH
Page 118 and 119: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN Da
Page 122 and 123: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN Th
Page 128 and 129: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN RE
Page 132 and 133: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN ve
Page 134 and 135: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN be
Page 136 and 137: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN lo
Page 138 and 139: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN cl
Page 142 and 143: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN wi
Page 144 and 145: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN D
Page 148 and 149: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN WH
Page 150 and 151: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN E
Page 154 and 155: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN a
Page 158 and 159: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN ."
Page 160 and 161: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN No
Page 164 and 165: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN "T
Page 168 and 169: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN Te
Page 172 and 173: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN Bu
Page 174 and 175: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN Bu
Page 176 and 177: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN I
Page 178 and 179: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN Ma
Page 180 and 181: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN 1T
Page 182 and 183: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN Zo
Page 188 and 189: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN ".
Page 190 and 191: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN He
Page 192 and 193: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN C
Page 194 and 195: SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN D
Page 196 and 197:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN E
Page 198 and 199:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN (1
Page 200 and 201:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN Re
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN "B
Page 206 and 207:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN 19
Page 208 and 209:
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN "B
Page 210 and 211:
Prof. Madathilparampil Mammen Ninan
Page 212 and 213:
Isavasya Upanishad:The doctrine of
show all

Sin death and beyond

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?