Sin death and beyond

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SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN CHAPTER EIGHT RELIGIOUS BELIEFS ON DEATH AND AFTERWARDS A JEWISH BELIEFS ON DEATH Traditional Judaism firmly believes that death is not the end of human existence. However, because Judaism is primarily focused on life here and now rather than on the afterlife, Judaism does not have much dogma about the afterlife, and leaves a great deal of room for personal opinion. Orthodox Jewish belief covers a wide range of possibilities: • the souls of the righteous dead go to heaven, or souls of the wicked are tormented by demons of their own creation • they are reincarnated through many lifetimes, or • they simply wait until the coming of the messiah, when they will be resurrected. • souls of the wicked ceases to exist. 109
SIN, DEATH AND BEYOND: M.M.NINAN The Torah indicates in several places that the righteous will be reunited with their loved ones after death, while the wicked will be excluded from this reunion. Gen. 25:8 (Abraham), 25:17 (Ishmael), 35:29 (Isaac), 49:33 (Jacob), Deut. 32:50 (Moses and Aaron) II Kings 22:20 (King Josiah). are spoken as "gathered to their people." This gathering is described as a separate event from the physical death of the body or the burial, indicative of a divine realm where the righteous are united together. For those who are anti-social and commits unforgivable sin are said to be "cut off from his people." Gen. 17:14 (uncircumcised man) and Ex. 31:14 (who violates sabbath). This punishment is referred to as kareit (kah- REHYT) which literally means, "cutting off," translated as "spiritual excision", and it means that the soul loses its portion in the World to Come. The philosophical implication of life after death evolved only after the return from exile. Before the Exile, the Hebrews believed that the soul after death went to a house of dust which they called "Sheol," to abide for a brief time before fading completely from existence. This belief was identical to all other Semitic versions of the afterlife. Therefore, Hebraism was primarily a this-world religion before the Exile. It was the exile period that formed the later concepts of Judaism. The Persians where the Jews lived during the exile assimilated many of the Zoroatrian beliefs. contact with Zoroastrian monotheism influenced Jewish monotheism. They believed that the souls of the good would reunite with the principle of good in eternal bliss; the souls of the evil would reunite with the principle evil to suffer until the final defeat of evil. This was necessary to explain the cosmic justice. One of the words for "heaven" in the Bible is Paradise - and this word, from the ancient Iranian words pairi-daeza, "enclosed garden," is one of the very few definite Persian loan-words in the Bible. A clear statement of resurrection and after life can be seen in Dan. 12:2 110
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Prof. Madathilparampil Mammen Ninan
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Isavasya Upanishad:The doctrine of
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