Vitamin D and Health
SACN_Vitamin_D_and_Health_report
SACN_Vitamin_D_and_Health_report
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factors that affect cancer risk. Observational studies on other cancers have not found an association<br />
with serum 25(OH)D concentration.<br />
6.359 Observational data from population cohort studies indicate a protective effect of higher serum<br />
25(OH)D concentration on risk of CVD <strong>and</strong> hypertension but this finding is not supported by results<br />
from intervention trials.<br />
6.360 Evidence from intervention studies indicates that vitamin D supplementation has no effect on<br />
mortality risk. Although observational data suggest an inverse association between serum 25(OH)D<br />
concentration <strong>and</strong> mortality risk this might also be due to reverse causality or confounding by other<br />
factors associated with mortality such as obesity, physical activity <strong>and</strong> smoking.<br />
6.361 There is a paucity of data on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on immune modulation.<br />
Evidence from observational studies is inconsistent <strong>and</strong> may also be confounded by other factors that<br />
affect autoimmune disease <strong>and</strong> allergic disorders. The data are insufficient to draw firm conclusions.<br />
6.362 RCTs do not generally show a beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation on infectious disease risk.<br />
Evidence on vitamin D <strong>and</strong> infectious disease risk is mainly observational <strong>and</strong> suggests an inverse<br />
association between serum 25(OH)D concentration <strong>and</strong> infectious disease risk. However, these studies<br />
are difficult to interpret since it is unclear if low serum 25(OH)D concentration is a cause or<br />
consequence of the infection. The evidence is insufficient to draw any firm conclusions.<br />
6.363 Data on vitamin D <strong>and</strong> neuropsychological functioning is mainly observational <strong>and</strong> insufficient to draw<br />
conclusions. RCTs show no significant effect of vitamin D supplementation on cognition or depression.<br />
Cross-sectional data suggest an association between lower 25(OH)D concentration <strong>and</strong> poor cognitive<br />
function but this might be due to reverse causation since changes in cognition <strong>and</strong> depression may<br />
alter diet <strong>and</strong>/or behaviour in a way which would reduce serum 25(OH)D concentration. Evidence<br />
relating vitamin D to autism <strong>and</strong> schizophrenia is mainly ecological.<br />
6.364 Evidence on the relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentration <strong>and</strong> oral health is mainly<br />
observational <strong>and</strong> little information is available on the serum 25(OH)D concentration associated with<br />
poor oral health outcomes. There is insufficient evidence on vitamin D <strong>and</strong> oral health to draw firm<br />
conclusions.<br />
6.365 There are insufficient data to draw conclusions on the relationship between serum 25(OH)D<br />
concentration <strong>and</strong> AMD.<br />
Selection of health outcomes to inform the setting of DRVs for vitamin D<br />
6.366 Evidence for a relationship between vitamin D <strong>and</strong> a range of musculoskeletal <strong>and</strong> non musculoskeletal<br />
health outcomes was reviewed in order to assess whether any might be used to inform the<br />
setting of DRVs for vitamin D. The health outcomes examined were those considered to be of public<br />
health importance.<br />
6.367 Data on vitamin D <strong>and</strong> any non-musculoskeletal health outcome were considered to be insufficient at<br />
this time to inform the setting of DRVs for vitamin D.<br />
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