Vitamin D and Health

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Onder G, Capoluongo E, Danese P, Settanni S, Russo A, Concolino P, Bernabei R & Landi F (2008) Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and falls among older adults living in the community: results from the ilSIRENTE study. J Bone Miner Res 23, 1031-1036. Ordonez-Mena JM, Schottker B, Haug U, Muller H, Kohrle J, Schomburg L, Holleczek B & Brenner H (2013) Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d and cancer risk in older adults: results from a large German prospective cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 22, 905-916. Orwoll ES & Meier DE (1986) Alterations in calcium, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone physiology in normal men with aging: relationship to the development of senile osteopenia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 63, 1262-1269. Ovesen L, Brot C & Jakobsen J (2003) Food contents and biological activity of 25-hydroxyvitamin D: a vitamin D metabolite to be reckoned with? Ann Nutr Metab 47, 107-113. Pappa HM, Gordon CM, Saslowsky TM, Zholudev A, Horr B, Shih MC & Grand RJ (2006) Vitamin D status in children and young adults with inflammatory bowel disease. Pediatrics 118, 1950-1961. Parekh N, Chappell RJ, Millen AE, Albert DM & Mares JA (2007) Association between vitamin D and agerelated macular degeneration in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988 through 1994. Arch Ophthalmol 125, 661-669. Parikh SJ, Edelman M, Uwaifo GI, Freedman RJ, Semega-Janneh M, Reynolds J & Yanovski JA (2004) The relationship between obesity and serum 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D concentrations in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89, 1196-1199. Park CY, Hill KM, Elble AE, Martin BR, DiMeglio LA, Peacock M, McCabe GP & Weaver CM (2010) Daily supplementation with 25 mcg cholecalciferol does not increase calcium absorption or skeletal retention in adolescent girls with low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. J Nutr 140, 2139-2144. Park KS, Nam JH & Choi J (2006) The short vitamin D receptor is associated with increased risk for generalized aggressive periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 33, 524-528. Parrinello CM, Crossa A & Harris TG (2012) Seasonality of tuberculosis in New York City, 1990-2007. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 16, 32-37. Perna L, Schottker B, Holleczek B & Brenner H (2013) Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and incidence of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events: a prospective study with repeated measurements. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98, 4908-4915. Perwad F, Zhang MY, Tenenhouse HS & Portale AA (2007) Fibroblast growth factor 23 impairs phosphorus and vitamin D metabolism in vivo and suppresses 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase expression in vitro. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 293, F1577-1583. Pettifor JM (1991) Dietary calcium deficiency. In: Florieux FH (ed) Rickets. New York: Raven Press, 123-144. Pettifor JM (2012) Nutritional rickets. In: Glorieux F, Jueppner H and Pettifor JM (eds) Pediatric Bone - Biology and Diseases. 2nd ed. Chennai, India: Elsevier Science, 625-654. Phinney KW (2009) Methods Development and Standard Reference Materials for 25(OH)D. Presented at the Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium Information gathering Workshop, August 4, 2009, Washington, DC. Pilz S, Tomaschitz A, Drechsler C, Ritz E, Boehm BO, Grammer TB & Marz W (2010) Parathyroid hormone level is associated with mortality and cardiovascular events in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Eur Heart J 31, 1591-1598. Pilz S, Tomaschitz A, Marz W, Drechsler C, Ritz E, Zittermann A, Cavalier E, Pieber TR, Lappe JM, et al. (2011) Vitamin D, cardiovascular disease and mortality. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 75, 575-584. 163
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Vitamin D and Health i 2016
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Contents Preface ..................
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Preface The Scientific Advisory Com
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Adviser (Ultraviolet radiation expo
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Ms Gemma Paramor Lay representative
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Metabolism S.5 Vitamin D is convert
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Two studies reported an increase in
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Recommendations S.35 Serum 25(OH)D
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1.8 The terms of reference were: to
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1.18 In assessing the evidence on v
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there is not absolute correspondenc
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Metabolism Absorption of dietary vi
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UVB ▼ SKIN: ▼ Previtamin D 3
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2.49 A number of studies have repor
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using a bolus dose (I 2 =77%) compa
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2.75 Another RCT 21 (Cashman et al.
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3. Photobiology of vitamin D Ultrav
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Erythema and skin cancer 3.10 Two m
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CIE spectrum for photoconversion of
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Effect of skin pigmentation on skin
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increase in mean serum 25(OH)D conc
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4. Measuring vitamin D exposure (fr
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the authors cautioned care in the i
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24,25(OH) 2 D 3 which can contribut
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5. Relationship between vitamin D e
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latitudes > 49.5 o N or S (which we
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increase 25(OH)D concentrations > 5
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22.5 nmol/L (IQR, 16.8-34.3) in sum
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6.7 Although serum 25(OH)D concentr
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calcium intake, although this is mo
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Evidence considered (Tables 1-5, An
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6.43 Preece et al. (1975) measured
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irths (December-February) in the vi
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large loss to follow-up 45 and, sin
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6.81 A pilot RCT in India (Khadilka
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Evidence considered (Tables 16-18,
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Intervention studies 6.107 A 3-year
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Compared with men in the top quarti
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chair-rising test. Mean baseline se
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heterogeneity among trials for dose
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the 600 µg (24,000 IU) vitamin D 3
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Bone health indices beyond rickets
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Intervention studies 6.177 An RCT i
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maternal serum 25(OH)D concentratio
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Cancers 6.201 Ecological studies ha
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(Gallicchio et al., 2010; Mondul et
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6.226 A systematic review and meta-
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Summary - CVD and hypertension 6.23
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6.251 VDRs are expressed in cells o
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10 nmol/L increase in cord blood 25
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Evidence considered since IOM repor
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difference was not significant (RR=
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6.304 Out of 7 RCTs published subse
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(300 µg/12,000 IU per capsule) for
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serum 25(OH)D concentration in neon
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linked specific VDR gene polymorphi
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factors that affect cancer risk. Ob
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As a result, cut-offs for deficienc
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7.8 The IOM noted the paucity of lo
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years) compared to the placebo grou
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children (n=179) received weekly do
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8. Dietary vitamin D intakes and se
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Food FISH TABLE 1- Vitamin D conten
Page 127 and 128: Serum/plasma 25(OH)D concentrations
Page 129 and 130: Serum/plasma 25(OH)D concentration
Page 131 and 132: 9. Review of DRVs for vitamin D Bri
Page 133 and 134: musculoskeletal health at serum 25(
Page 135 and 136: Modelling the summer sunshine expos
Page 137 and 138: 9.30 Two possible approaches were c
Page 139 and 140: FIGURE 8: Relation between serum 25
Page 141 and 142: UK general population aged under 11
Page 143 and 144: Summary & conclusions 9.59 The RNI
Page 145 and 146: 10. Overall summary and conclusions
Page 147 and 148: tight homeostatic control. As a mar
Page 149 and 150: 10.30 Evidence from RCTs suggest th
Page 151 and 152: Serum/plasma 25(OH)D concentration
Page 153 and 154: 10.53 An RNI of 10 µg/d (400 IU/d)
Page 155 and 156: 11. Recommendations 11.1 Serum 25(O
Page 157 and 158: References Abnet CC, Chen Y, Chow W
Page 159 and 160: Beadle PC, Burton JL & Leach JF (19
Page 161 and 162: Brooke OG, Brown IR, Bone CD, Carte
Page 163 and 164: Clarke B (2008) Normal bone anatomy
Page 165 and 166: Diffey BL (2010) Modelling the seas
Page 167 and 168: Ganji V, Milone C, Cody MM, McCarty
Page 169 and 170: Heaney RP, Armas LA, Shary JR, Bell
Page 171 and 172: Javaid MK, Crozier SR, Harvey NC, G
Page 173 and 174: Lappe J, Cullen D, Haynatzki G, Rec
Page 175 and 176: Mantell DJ, Owens PE, Bundred NJ, M
Page 177: Murad MH, Elamin KB, Abu Elnour NO,
Page 181 and 182: one mass, and renal function in the
Page 183 and 184: Sperati F, Vici P, Maugeri-Sacca M,
Page 185 and 186: Vervel C, Zeghoud F, Boutignon H, T
Page 187 and 188: Weisse K, Winkler S, Hirche F, Herb
Page 189 and 190: Annexes ANNEX (1) SACN working proc
Page 191 and 192: ANNEX (2) Studies considered in rel
Page 193 and 194: Cardiovascular disease Table 40 Tab
Page 195 and 196: Study/year/country Population Ricke
Page 197 and 198: Table 2: Observational studies on r
Page 199 and 200: Table 3: Before and after studies o
Page 201 and 202: Table 4: Case control studies on ri
Page 203 and 204: Table 5: Intervention studies on ri
Page 205 and 206: Table 7: Case reports of osteomalac
Page 207 and 208: Table 9: Cohort studies on associat
Page 209 and 210: Children and adolescents Table 11:
Page 211 and 212: Table 13: Intervention studies on e
Page 213 and 214: Table 16: RCTs on effects of vitami
Page 215 and 216: Table 22: Meta-analyses of trials o
Page 217 and 218: Table 24: Prospective studies on as
Page 219 and 220: Table 25: Meta-analyses of RCTs on
Page 221 and 222: Table 27: Prospective studies on as
Page 223 and 224: Table 28: Meta-analyses of RCTs on
Page 225 and 226: Study Methods Results Author conclu
Page 227 and 228: NON-MUSCULOSKELETAL HEALTH OUTCOMES
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Table 32: Intervention studies on e
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Table 36: Observational studies on
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Table 38: Meta analyses of RCTs and
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Table 39: Prospective studies on 25
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Study/Country Population Mean follo
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Cardiovascular disease Table 40: Me
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Hypertension Table 42: Meta-analyse
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All-cause mortality Table 44: Syste
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Immune modulation Table 46: Systema
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Table 48: Intervention studies on v
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Reference/Country Population Follow
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Infectious disease Table 50: Meta-a
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Table 51: RCTs on vitamin D supplem
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Table 52: Observational studies on
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Neuropsychological functioning Tabl
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Abbreviations used in studies 25(OH
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Table 1: Percentage contribution of
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Table 2 (continued) Food group a Me
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Table 3 (continued) Food group Age
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Table 4 (continued) Food group a Ag
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Table 5 (continued) Food group a Na
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Table 6: Percentage contribution of
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Table 7: Average daily intake of vi
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Table 9: Average daily intake of Vi
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Table 11: Average daily intake of v
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Table 15: Average daily intake of V
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Serum/plasma 25(OH)D concentrations
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Table 20: UK - Adults and children
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Table 22: Northern Ireland - adults
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Table 24: England - adults 65 years
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Table 26: UK - by month blood sampl
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Table 29: English regions by season
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Table 33: England - by ethnicity, a
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Table 36: Scotland - by Body Mass I
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Calcitonin A peptide hormone, produ
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Osteoclast Osteocyte Osteoid Osteom
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