Vitamin D and Health

Calcitonin
A peptide hormone, produced by the thyroid gland, involved in
regulation of calcium homeostasis.
Calcitriol Another name for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
Cholecalciferol Another name for vitamin D 3 .
Confounding variable
(confounder)
Dendritic cells
Dietary Reference Values
(DRV)
Endocytosis
Enterocyte
Associated independently with both the health outcome under study
and the exposure of interest. The effect of an association between an
exposure and outcome is distorted by the presence of one or more
(confounding) variables.
Antigen-presenting cells of the immune system. They express
receptors that enhance the uptake of antigens, which they present to
T cells (see lymphocyte).
DRVs describe the distribution of nutrient and energy requirements in
a population. They comprise 3 estimates:
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR): half of a group in a
population will need more than this amount and half will need less;
Reference Nutrient Intake (RNI): the intake that will be adequate to
meet the needs of 97.5% of the population;
Lower Reference Nutrient Intake (LRNI): the intake which will meet
the needs of only 2.5% of the population.
Uptake of extracellular material by invagination of the cell membrane
which then breaks off to form a vesicle enclosing the material.
Epithelial cell of the small intestine and colon, specialised for uptake
of the products of digestion in the lumen and transport into the
bloodstream.
Ergocalciferol Another name for vitamin D 2 .
Ergosterol
Erythema
Femur
Estimated Average
Requirement (EAR)
Fibroblast growth factor
23 (FGF23)
Fortification
A plant sterol that is converted into vitamin D 2 by ultraviolet
radiation.
Reddening of the skin as a result of increased cutaneous blood flow.
May be caused by sunburn.
Longest and strongest bone in the human skeleton. Located in the
thigh, extending from hip to knee.
See Dietary Reference Values.
A hormone that down-regulates 1,25 (OH) 2 D synthesis in the kidney.
Addition of nutrients to foods during the manufacturing process.
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