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MATTHEW LEVITT<br />
Institute as a center of excellence on these issues, and to the timeliness of the<br />
questions we are posing, that we have been able to convene such a high-level<br />
group of experts to spend a day considering them. And so I ask this question<br />
of us all: how successful has IS been at expanding the footprint of its socalled<br />
Islamic state beyond Syria and Iraq?<br />
NOTES<br />
1. Eric Schmitt and David D. Kirkpatrick, “Islamic State Sprouting Limbs beyond<br />
Its Base,” New York Times, February 14, 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/15/<br />
world/middleeast/islamic-state-sprouting-limbs-beyond-mideast.html?_r=0.<br />
2. Jack Moore, “U.S. War on ISIS Could Expand to Affiliates in Nigeria and Libya,”<br />
Newsweek, March 12, 2015, http://www.newsweek.com/us-war-isis-could-expandaffiliates-libya-and-nigeria-313359.<br />
3. White House, “Remarks by the President on Progress in the Fight against ISIL,”<br />
July 6, 2015, https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/06/remarkspresident-progress-fight-against-isil.<br />
4. “Prime Minister’s Response to the Foreign Affairs Select Committee’s Second<br />
Report of the Session 2015–16: The Extension of British Military Operations to<br />
Syria,” November 2015, https://www.parliament.uk/documents/commons-committees/foreign-affairs/PM-Res.<br />
5. David D. Kirkpatrick, Ben Hubbard, and Eric Schmitt, “ISIS’ Grip on Libyan City<br />
Gives It a Fallback Option,” New York Times, November 28, 2015, http://www.<br />
nytimes.com/2015/11/29/world/middleeast/isis-grip-on-libyan-city-gives-it-a-fallback-option.html.<br />
6. See, for example, Edith M. Lederer, “UN Chief: 34 Groups Now Allied to Islamic<br />
State Extremists,” Jakarta Post, February 6, 2016, http://www.thejakartapost.com/<br />
news/2016/02/06/un-chief-34-groups-now-allied-islamic-state-extremists.html.<br />
7. As the Islamic State is also known.<br />
8. Arshad Mohammed and Crispian Balmer, “ISIS Pushed Back in Iraq, Syria, but a<br />
Threat in Libya: Kerry,” Reuters, February 2, 2016, http://www.reuters.com/article/<br />
us-mideast-crisis-coalition-idUSKCN0VA3RE.<br />
9. White House, “Statement by the President on Progress in the Fight against ISIL,”<br />
April 13, 2016, https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2016/04/13/statementpresident-progress-fight-against-isil.<br />
10. U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Terrorism 2015, http://www.state.<br />
gov/j/ct/rls/crt/2015/257513.htm.<br />
11. Ibid.<br />
12. See ibid. for various claims in this paragraph.<br />
13. Ibid.<br />
6
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