BEYOND SYRIA IRAQ

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JACK GAINES • As described in the paper “Communication Strategy to Counter Violent Extremism,” 2 development of education programs that help youth, starting at ages ten to thirteen, to spot, understand, and avoid recruitment and indoctrination by cult, gang, and violent extremist groups. Additionally, as extrapolated from the work of Columbia University professor Scott Atran, we must create more opportunities for youth to associate risk and glorification with causes that are not cult- or violentextremist-oriented (e.g., fighting forest fires, working in foreign development, or engaging in crisis response to disasters). This would help shift those aggressive urges to fight for a greater cause toward society-building efforts. NOTES Rapporteur’s summary prepared by Omar Mukhlis. 1. See the group’s website, http://www.nigerdeltaavengers.org/. 2. Available at http://www.academia.edu/6852253/Communication_Strategy_for_ Countering_Violent_Extremism_v1.2. 74
<strong>BEYOND</strong> THE MIDDLE EAST The Caucasus ■ ANNA BORSHCHEVSKAYA PREPARED STATEMENT ON JUNE 23, 2015, official Islamic State spokesman Abu Muhammad al-Adnani declared the formation of a new wilayah in Russia’s North Caucasus. Never before had IS claimed territory inside Russia. Adnani’s announcement came just days after reports that thousands of Islamic militants from the Caucasus Emirate (also known as Imarat Kavkaz, or IK, Russia’s main jihadist group) had formally pledged allegiance to IS. Imarat Kavkaz, or IS Caucasus in its post-allegiance status, had historically targeted primarily Russian officials, but it also took credit for a number of major attacks on civilians inside Russia, including in Moscow. The group existed primarily underground and financed itself through criminal activities. In May 2011, the U.S. secretary of state designated Imarat Kavkaz as a terrorist organization under Presidential Executive Order 13224. “Imarat Kavkaz uses bombings, shootings and attempted assassinations to provoke a revolution and expel the Russian government from the North Caucasus region,” the State Department said. Only two months before Adnani’s declaration, in April 2015, Russian Special Forces killed Aliaskhab Kebekov, then the newest leader of Caucasus Emirate. Kebekov had reportedly sought to avoid suicide bombings and keep civilian casualties to a minimum. His death signaled a fundamental change in the North Caucasus, according to experts who travel to the region. Adnani’s statement, coupled with Caucasus militants pledging allegiance to IS, signaled the decline of Imarat Kavkaz as an organization. IK’s pledge to IS was all the more a departure for the group because, historically, IK had aligned itself more closely with the Taliban and al-Qaeda than with IS. 75
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BEYOND SYRIA IRAQ AND EXAMINING ISL
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The opinions expressed in this Poli
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CONTENTS LOCAL POPULAR SUPPORT FOR
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About the Workshop The crusaders an
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BEYOND IRAQ AND SYRIA Contributors
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CONTRIBUTORS rity (SEMERS), General
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BEYOND IRAQ AND SYRIA Executive Sum
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY been very limited
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY grow out of preex
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY countries, Adnani
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY after it declared
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MATTHEW LEVITT EVOLVING PERCEPTION
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MATTHEW LEVITT rounding coastline.
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MATTHEW LEVITT Institute as a cente
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MOHAMED ELJARH the fighting in Syri
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MOHAMED ELJARH ■ IS in Sirte The
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PROVINCE TIES TO THE ISLAMIC STATE
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MOKHTAR AWAD no Mumbai-style attack
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MOKHTAR AWAD operated mainland netw
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PROVINCE TIES TO THE ISLAMIC STATE
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AARON Y. ZELIN toward a bus carryin
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AARON Y. ZELIN more space and legit
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Page 50 and 51: KATHERINE ZIMMERMAN IS leadership i
Page 52 and 53: KATHERINE ZIMMERMAN NOTES 1. SITE I
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Page 56 and 57: AYMENN AL TAMIMI Bahrain)—one can
Page 58 and 59: AYMENN AL TAMIMI was destroyed, how
Page 60 and 61: WHAT MAKES THE PROVINCES TICK? Ideo
Page 62 and 63: COLE BUNZEL ISLAMIC STATE IDEOLOGY
Page 64 and 65: COLE BUNZEL establish a global cali
Page 66 and 67: JEAN-FRANCOIS PACTET Officials have
Page 68 and 69: WHAT MAKES THE PROVINCES TICK? Fina
Page 70 and 71: KATHERINE BAUER To date, financial
Page 72 and 73: KATHERINE BAUER area from which the
Page 74 and 75: LOCAL POPULAR SUPPORT FOR THE ISLAM
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Page 78 and 79: DAVEED GARTENSTEIN-ROSS sula (AQAP)
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Page 82 and 83: DAVEED GARTENSTEIN-ROSS 10. Posted
Page 86 and 87: DAVID POLLOCK Ramadi, or Fallujah o
Page 88 and 89: DAVID POLLOCK reasoned analysis by
Page 92 and 93: MUHAMED SABRY army’s previous lac
Page 94 and 95: MUHAMED SABRY revolution and thrive
Page 96 and 97: JACK GAINES Keeping the military an
Page 100 and 101: ANNA BORSHCHEVSKAYA THE CAUCASUS AN
Page 102 and 103: ANNA BORSHCHEVSKAYA and deportation
Page 104: ANNA BORSHCHEVSKAYA They feel he wa
Page 108: AS AN IDEA, THE ISLAMIC STATE HAS,
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BEYOND SYRIA IRAQ

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