Handbook of Electrical Installation Practice - BeKnowledge

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CONCLUSION Electrical Safety 303 Electrical engineers, technicians, electricians and electrical operatives have a legal reponsibility to ensure that their installations are properly designed, constructed, maintained and used. If they conscientiously fulfill this responsibility, the present trend for a decline in the annual electrical accident figures should continue and be a beneficial contribution by the electrical industry to the well-being of society.
CHAPTER 12 Standards, Specifications and Codes of Practice J.M. Faller, BA, IEng, MIEIE (British Standards Institution) Revised by M.H. Graham (Secretary, British Electrotechnical Committee (BEC) British Standards Institution) Throughout the other chapters of this handbook on installation practice, there are numerous references to British Standard specifications, British Standard codes of practice and (in the legal sense) Regulations. It is the purpose of this chapter to explain in rather general terms the significance of standards (at national, regional and international levels), their relationship with legislation (both British and European) and the philosophy of the preparation of standard-type documents. The general principles will be illustrated by examples from the subject area covered by the handbook. In preparation it is necessary to understand clearly the difference between a ‘standard’ and a ‘regulation’. The formal definitions of the two words are: • • Standard A document, established by consensus and approved by a recognised body, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context. Note: Standards should be based on the consolidated results of science, technology and experience, and aimed at the promotion of optimum community benefits. Regulation A document providing binding legislative rules, that is adopted by an authority. These two definitions taken together point to the fundamental difference between standards and regulations. The former are established essentially by voluntary co-operation and consensus between interested parties, and their use is, in most cases, also voluntary. On the other hand, regulations have legal force such that failure to comply with them leaves the transgressor open to whatever penalties the law provides. It is nevertheless important to realise that, once a standard has (albeit voluntarily) been written into a contract, its provisions become binding on the parties to that contract. In such a case, failure to comply with the standard may make the 304
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HANDBOOK OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
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© 2003 by Blackwell Science Ltd, a
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vi Contents System operation 79 Ide
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viii Contents Training and systems
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x Contents 18 Lighting 475 h.r. kin
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Preface My first task as editor is
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2 Handbook of Electrical Installati
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10 Handbook of Electrical Installat
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INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 4 Cable Manage
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CHAPTER 5 Electricity on Constructi
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100 Handbook of Electrical Installa
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CHAPTER 6 Standby Power Supplies D.
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INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 7 Ground Earth
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INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 8 Cathodic Pro
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CHAPTER 10 Special Installations or
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DEFINITIONS CHAPTER 14 Switchgear A
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Table 14.1 (contd) 374 Handbook of
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CHAPTER 15 Rotating Machines D.B. M
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CHAPTER 19 Mains Cables G.A. Bowie,
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APPENDIX I Main Authoritative Docum
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670 Index oil, 364, 366 oil filling
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672 Index earthing, 234 earth termi
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674 Index swimming pools, 252 switc
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