Subatomic Physics

18.9. References 571
J. S. Vaagen, eds.) World Sci., Teaneck, NJ, 1984; Nuclear Structure 1985, (R.
Broglia, G. Hagemann, and B. Herskind, eds.) North-Holland, New York, 1985;
Nuclear Structure at High Spin, Excitation, and Momentum Transfer, (H. Nann,
ed.) AIP Proceedings 142, Amer. Inst. Phys., New York, 1986.
Detailed comparisons between theoretical predictions and experimental data are
given in Bohr and Mottelson, Nuclear Structure, Vol. II, and in B. R. Mottelson
and S. G. Nilsson, Kgl. Danske Videnskab. Sels-kab. Mat.-fys. Medd. 1, No. 8
(1959).
Giant resonances are discussed in G.F. Bertsch, Phys. Today 39, 44(August
1986); G.J. Warner in Giant Multipole Resonances, (F. E. Bertrand, ed.) Harwood
Academic, New York, 1980. Magnetic resonances are reviewed in A. Arima et al.,
Adv. Nucl. Phys., (J. W. Negele and E. Vogt, eds.) 18, 1 (1987); E. Lipparini and
S. Stringari, Phys. Rep. 175, 104 (1989).
The IBM model is analyzed in numerous conference proceedings and review articles.
They include A. Arima and F. Iachello, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 31,
75 (1981); F. Iachello and I. Talmi, Rev. Mod. Phys. 59, 339 (1987); R. F. Casten
and D. Warner, Rev. Mod. Phys. 60, 389 (1988). There are also two books on the
subject: F. Iachello and A. Arima, The Interacting Boson Model, Cambridge University
Press, New York, 1987; D. Bonatsos, Interacting Boson Models of Nuclear
Structure, Oxford University Press, New York, 1988.
The microscopic theory of nuclei is discussed in Phys. Rep. 6, 214 (1973); S.O.
Backman, G.E. Brown, and J.A. Niskanen, Phys. Rep. 124, 1 (1985); Microscopic
Models in Nuclear Structure Physics, (M. W. Guidry et al., eds.) World Scientific,
Teaneck, NJ, 1989.
Pions in nuclei are discussed in detail in T. Ericson and W. Weise, Pions and
Nuclei, Oxford University Press, New York, 1989.
A nice review of advances in models of nuclei is presented in Hans Bethe and
His Physics, ed. G.E. Brown and C.-H. Lee, World Sci. (2006).
Problems
18.1. Find the expression for the energy of interaction between a system with
quadrupole moment Q and an electric field E with field gradient ∇E.
18.2. The electric quadrupole moment of a nucleus can be determined by using
atomic beams.
(a) Describe the principle underlying the method.
(b) Sketch the experimental apparatus.
(c) What are the main limitations and sources of error?
18.3. Repeat Problem 18.2 for the method using optical hyperfine structure.