BUILDING THE NATION THROUGH WOMEN'S HEALTH: MODERN ...

doctor (xiezhu yisheng 协助医生) to help train others and established public health departments
(weishengsuo 卫生所) in various towns throughout the county. 242 In 1934, Jiangningxian’s
public health center, clinic, stations, and substations aided in 221 births (jiesheng 接生),
inspected 5,154 households (jiating fangshi 家庭访视), and treated 2,394 pregnant women
(chanfu huli 产妇 护理) and 1,694 children (ying’er huli 婴儿护理).
Liu Ruiheng, head of the National Health Administration-Central Field Health Station
outside Nanjing from 1931 to 1937, created a 1937 plan similar to the Jiangning model above,
with xian-level substations staffed by a nurse-midwife. He also established national standards
for hygiene in public schools. The Central Field Health Station in Nanjing was funded in part by
the Rockefeller Foundation/International Health Division. Between 1929 and 1934, the IHD
gave $27,000 for capital expenses and $11,000 for annual running expenses for a total of
$82,000. The National Health Administration-Central Field Health Station sponsored public
health campaigns via central broadcasting stations in Nanjing, health exhibits, public lectures,
pamphlets, posters, lantern slides, and mobile medical units.
They also continued training public health workers, doctors, nurses, midwives, school
hygienists, paramedics, and sanitation workers. 243 From 1929 to 1936, the Department of
Maternity and Child Health of the Central Field Health Station graduated 189 individuals, nearly
90 percent of whom worked in a public health or similar institution in 16 different provinces.
Many of them were instructors or deans of midwifery schools. 244 In 1932, the Chinese Ministry
of Education and the National Midwifery Board wanted to start a class at the Central Field
Health Station for instructors and administrators at all types of midwifery schools. The National
242 Neizhengbu, Neizheng Nianjian, 218-19.
243 Lucas, Chinese Medical Modernization, 86-87.
244 Marion Yang, letter to Dr. W.A. Sawyer, January 21, 1937, folder 374, box 45, series 601, RG 1, RAC.
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