Status report on global Neem usage - Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal

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6. Outlook 6. OUTLOOK In many developing countries the designated national authorities have recently taken up their work and the legal framework for proper trading and handling of pesticides according to the FAO ‘Code of Conduct’ and residue control laboratories have been set up. The enforced control activities significantly increase the demand for effective, selective pesticides with low toxicity and low persistence, such as neem-based pesticides, which are suitable for organic farming and also for (bio-emphasised) IPM concepts. In addition industrialised countries such as USA (“Consumer Act”) and EU (harmonisation of pesticide regulations and residue level) have passed enforced regulations. This was required after alarming environmental damage due to pesticides was first discovered in industrialised countries roughly 25 years ago; e.g. contaminated soils and groundwater, residues in food and traces in breast milk. Numerous pesticides were thus prohibited and new ones became subject to even stricter registration criteria. The increasing number of registered products in both, industrial and developing countries, the rising prices for high quality neem raw material, and the large number of requests for technical advice and assistance during the last five years clearly indicate that the properties of neem pesticides are convincing and that neem pesticides have an (increasing) market. Neem industries such as the ones established in Myanmar, Kenya, Thailand and the Dominican Republic with assistance of GTZ, could also be established elsewhere (e.g. West Africa). Moreover it would make sense to establish such plants in many countries to offer access to low toxic alternatives to standard broad spectrum pesticides and make use of own resources of DC. Indeed received several requests from a range of countries. Due to a change of the policy supra-regional GTZ projects are not going to provide services or advice in future but should focus on the development of new concepts only. Given this, there will be a gap in future to cover the demand for advice and consultanc and to make sustainable use of experiences gained so far. In the past the target groups were small farmers, entrepreneurs, starting up small businesses and NGOS, who cannot afford to hire expensive external consultancy. On the other hand, the exploitation of neem must be in the social interest considering all the merits (see table 6.1): Therefore such an advisory service should best be provided by UN organisations like FAO, UNDP, UNIDO to choose a complementary and integrating approach to the existing neem network on forestry research. 101
6. OUTLOOK Table 6.1 Merits and benefits of neem: Merits and benefits of neem Environmental advantages: Forestry • suitable for afforestation of wasteland, soil improvement • rapid growth even on marginal sites • attractive tree providing welcome shade in private and public places and agriculture • low toxicity to mammals and birds • rapid decomposition in the environment and therefore no contamination of water, soil or air • pesticides largely benign to beneficial insects • little likelihood of resistance developing • better use of nitrogen Advantages for the national economy: • reduces foreign currency spending • potentially an additional cash crop • resulting possible sources of income also in disadvantaged (dry) rural regions • job creation • added value within the country • pesticides also available on the spot in remote regions = enhanced added value in agriculture • avoids extra costs incurred with the use of synthetic pesticides (poisoning, accidents during transport, contamination of drinking water, etc.) • a national insecticide - an additional export product Acknowledgement Our grateful thanks go to Professor Heinrich Schmutterer for his continual advice and fruitful discussions, and to our GTZ colleagues for the ongoing dialogue and information exchange on their neem activities. 102
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ivi Division 45 Rural Development W
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Table of Contents Page Foreword for
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Foreword for the 2 nd Edition FOREW
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SUMMARY Indeed, neem has been effec
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2. Global Neem Dissemination and Us
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2. GLOBAL NEEM DISSEMINATION AND US
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2.2 Potential Uses of Neem 2. GLOBA
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Table 2.4: Analysis of neem oil for
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• Repellent and inhibition of fee
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SOURCES: • mainly. Schmutterer (1
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• Use of neem as a home-made pest
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3. NEEM AS A NON-SYNTHETIC PESTICID
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Table 3.6: Commercial neem-based pe
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3.6 Evaluation of the Questionnaire
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4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-COOPERATION
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4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-COOPERATION
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Project: "Neem Cake as Nematicide"
Page 54 and 55: 4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-COOPERATION
Page 58 and 59: UNIDO/GTZ 4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-CO
Page 70 and 71: PT. Multi Planextrac 4. NEEM IN DEV
Page 72 and 73: GTZ IPM Horticulture Project Time f
Page 76 and 77: MALAWI 4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-COOPE
Page 80 and 81: Literature: 4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-
Page 84 and 85: AFGRO- Uni Minnesota/USAID Time fra
Page 86 and 87: PAKISTAN 4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-COO
Page 92 and 93: SURINAM 4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-COOP
Page 102 and 103: 5. PROSPECTS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR
Page 106 and 107: Annex ANNEX 103
Page 108 and 109: ANNEX 14 OSTERMANN, H.: Zur Wirtsch
Page 110 and 111: ANNEX 41 GRUNEWALD, J. & A. VOLLMER
Page 112 and 113: ANNEX GERRITS, R., VAN LATUM, E., (
Page 114 and 115: ANNEX List of addresses of those or
Page 116 and 117: - Coopération de Soyo, Martin Diet
Page 118 and 119: List of Publications on Neem of GTZ
Page 120 and 121: ANNEX HELLPAP, C. & DREYER, M. (199
Page 122 and 123: ANNEX International Institute of Tr
Page 124 and 125: ANNEX SOMBATSIRI, K., ERMEL, K. & S
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Status report on global Neem usage - Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal

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