Status report on global Neem usage - Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal

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MALAWI 4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-COOPERATION PROJECTS In the lower laying parts of the southern districts in Malawi neem tree were planted to wide extent e.g. in the Lower Shire Valley but also along the southern lake shore. Neem is widely distributed from the district Chikawawa to the border with Mozambique at Nsanje. The Forestry Research Institute of Malawi (FRIM) at Zomba has carried out some studies on neem to evaluate the use of the tree for agroforestry and afforestration programmes. The Forestry Department had planted thousands of neem trees in afforestration programmes. Today about 300 000 stems could be found in woodlots standing very close (1,5 x 2,5 m) but also along the roads, as living fences and to some extent in village areas as shade trees. Malawi-German Plant Protection Project (MGPPP-GTZ) Timeframe: Started in 1987 with the biological control of cassava mealybug and larger grainborer, second phase 1993 -1996 to implement IPM programme on vegetables and is running currently the 3 phase which aims to upgrade knowledge and attitudes of extension staff and the skills of the farmer. A minor component of the project is the promotion of neem. Literature: ZÉLÉDON, B. (1998): Potential use of Neem in Southern-Malawi, 38 pp. Report for GTZ. MAURITANIA Mauritania consists mainly of desert; only limited areas are suitable for vegetable production, mainly around Nouakchott and along the Senegal River. The number of trees between Boghe – Kaedi – Magata (approx. 220 km) is about 13000, according to GTZ counts. In contrast to earlier estimations there aren’t more than 50 000 stems in Mauritania. Amazingly for such a comparatively small country, Mauritania has also hosted two GTZ projects with a major focus on neem. One is the supraregional project "Integrated Biological Control of Locusts" which had a field station in Mauritania. Time Frame: 1989 - 1999 Short description of the project: State-run TC research projects throughout Mauritania with a view to identifying alternative control options for the desert locust. Project objective: To control the desert locust of Schizocerca gregaria or Locusta migratoria. with neem products and other non-synthetic pesticides (e.g. with Melia volkensii, Metarhizium flavoniidae). The project merged with the multi donor FAO EMPRES programme on locust control in Sahel and the Arabian penninsula Key project activities: Field investigations; field ecology, behavioural studies, application of test products and their evaluation; ecotoxicology 73
4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-COOPERATION PROJECTS Support from ministries, universities, institutes and laboratories The project investigations demonstrated that neem oil and commercial neem based products can effectively control locust, hopper bands etc and reduced fitness, flight and migratory activities of the pests. It was recommended to FAO Pesticide Referee Group to register neem for locust control purposes. However also the restrictions were indicated: • insufficient quantities of commercial neem pesticides “on spot”, if locust gradations are registered, • the standardisation of the active ingredients of neem pesticides for locust control (obviously also other ingredients than the main insecticidal ingredient Azadirachtin are responsible for the effects on locusts) • shelf life of neem based pesticides • price of most commerical neem based pesticides At least as long as the application of Metarhizium flavoniidae, a further promising alternative control agent, requires further research neem should be used instead of synthetic pesticides for prophylactic control measures. CONTACT: http://www.gtz.de/locust/index.html Projet lutte Integrée-GTZ Short description: classical IPM project Time frame: 1994 - 2000. Activities on neem: Traditionally no vegetables were grown in Mauritania until irrigation programmes were set up. With the irrigation of land the farmers got the chance to cultivate vegetables. However, no experience or expertise was traditionally available on how to achieve this. The situation for the IPM project is typical for Sahelian countries: Mauritania is a resource-poor country, although one of its few resources is the neem tree. This is why neem features as a major component of the IPM project. A further restriction is the limited market for agricultural inputs and availability of cash for farmers for agricultural inputs. This means that any neem activity in Mauritania has to be restricted to the “subsistence approach”, i.e. every farmer has to produce his own neem pesticide. The situation in Mauritania is relatively transparent since no vegetables are cropped traditionally. Vegetable cropping has come up during the last years, when land has been irrigated and is now used for this purposes: currently only a few (about 15) vegetable species are cropped in Mauritania, and this is why the GTZ IPM project is concentrating on cabbage, 74
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ivi Division 45 Rural Development W
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Table of Contents Page Foreword for
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Foreword for the 2 nd Edition FOREW
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SUMMARY Indeed, neem has been effec
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2. Global Neem Dissemination and Us
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2. GLOBAL NEEM DISSEMINATION AND US
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2.2 Potential Uses of Neem 2. GLOBA
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Table 2.4: Analysis of neem oil for
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Page 26 and 27: • Repellent and inhibition of fee
Page 28 and 29: SOURCES: • mainly. Schmutterer (1
Page 30 and 31: • Use of neem as a home-made pest
Page 32 and 33: 3. NEEM AS A NON-SYNTHETIC PESTICID
Page 40 and 41: Table 3.6: Commercial neem-based pe
Page 42 and 43: 3.6 Evaluation of the Questionnaire
Page 48 and 49: 4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-COOPERATION
Page 52 and 53: Project: "Neem Cake as Nematicide"
Page 58 and 59: UNIDO/GTZ 4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-CO
Page 70 and 71: PT. Multi Planextrac 4. NEEM IN DEV
Page 72 and 73: GTZ IPM Horticulture Project Time f
Page 80 and 81: Literature: 4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-
Page 84 and 85: AFGRO- Uni Minnesota/USAID Time fra
Page 86 and 87: PAKISTAN 4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-COO
Page 92 and 93: SURINAM 4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-COOP
Page 102 and 103: 5. PROSPECTS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR
Page 104 and 105: 6. Outlook 6. OUTLOOK In many devel
Page 106 and 107: Annex ANNEX 103
Page 108 and 109: ANNEX 14 OSTERMANN, H.: Zur Wirtsch
Page 110 and 111: ANNEX 41 GRUNEWALD, J. & A. VOLLMER
Page 112 and 113: ANNEX GERRITS, R., VAN LATUM, E., (
Page 114 and 115: ANNEX List of addresses of those or
Page 116 and 117: - Coopération de Soyo, Martin Diet
Page 118 and 119: List of Publications on Neem of GTZ
Page 120 and 121: ANNEX HELLPAP, C. & DREYER, M. (199
Page 122 and 123: ANNEX International Institute of Tr
Page 124 and 125: ANNEX SOMBATSIRI, K., ERMEL, K. & S
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Status report on global Neem usage - Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal

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