Status report on global Neem usage - Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal

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4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-COOPERATION PROJECTS The GTZ SAVE project assisted the school “Escuela de Agricultura Luis Landa de Nacaome,” in the region del Litoral Atlántico of Honduras to establish a small plantation of 400 neem trees. According to the Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (SENASA), about 100 kilo of neem pesticides has been imported by NUTRICOM in 1999 from FAMA of Dom. Republic. INDIA is regarded as neem's country of origin (2, 13, 15, 19). All known forms of neem usage across the globe can be traced back to the several thousand years-old traditional forms of application in this country. Even though the tree is classed as “holy” in India and is mostly used in a variety of ways by the rural population, India is nevertheless the country with the most industrially manufactured and marketed neem products. The products themselves range from soaps, toothpastes and skin creams to medicines and contraceptives and even formulated pesticides and fertilisers. These neem products are produced by numerous enterprises whose technological capacity spans simple manual production through semi-industrial production to modern, fully-automatic production methods. These companies not only serve the domestic market but foreign ones as well; indeed, in some branches export has a very important role to play; e.g. Indian, neem-based pesticides can be bought in some Asian (Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh etc) and African countries (Mauritius, Ghana etc). Many companies, NGOs and projects are involved into neem business. It would require a book of its own to list here all of them. Neem seed collection systems are existing since decades and are setting the standard concerning the prices for neem raw material. The collection system for neem seeds and oil processing industry on village level was originally set up to use the neem oil for soap production. Neem oil was used mainly because of the price less for its medicinal effects. Today the decreasing price for palm oil leads to a substitution of neem oil in the Indian soap production. Despite this long tradition of collecting and processing neem seeds the neem raw material is often of low quality since this was not a so decisive issue if the oil is used for soap production only (38). It should be mentioned here that there are about 100 Indian neem pesticide manufacturing companies and 10 which have set up proper extraction plants, which fulfil international quality standard requirements such as reliable quality e.g. of concentration of active ingredients, shelf life etc.. Due to the heavy competition between the 10 companies (only 20- 40% of the plants full capacities are currently used) EC formulations are sold very cheap within India. On the other hand the one sided promotion of high external input agriculture, the concept of “green revolution” by the Indian government, leads to the fact that in many Indian regions the farmers has forgotten their “indigenous knowledge” on neem which is now promoted by a number of NGOs and projects. Fortunately the Indian agricultural policy changed since the nineties. Now the proud of own resources has been recovered and use and application of Indian’s own biological resources are promoted. This happened first e.g. with the comprehensive and systematic research at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 63
4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-COOPERATION PROJECTS in the seventies and eighties and later in an bio-emphasised IPM programme from 1995- 2000. The following brings only (a very limited) selection of the main initiatives and companies. Neem Mission Founded: 1980 Short description: NGO in Pune, India, is an information centre on neem topics of the “first hour” and advocating the intellectual properties of India on neem. The focus is on the dissemination of simple forms of application in agriculture: e.g. pesticide, fertiliser, fodder and for animal husbandry. Neem Foundation Promoting neem, providing information on neem, organising (international) conferences and publishing books and the neem newsletter. Neem Foundation work on initiating projects such as the Sub-programme on Technical Support for Development and Production of Neem Products as Environment Friendly Pesticides implemented by UNIDO. This sub-programme aims to promote production, processing and use of neem based products, thereby aiding waste land development, generating rural employment, providing farmers with eco-friendly/biodegradable pesticides and producing neem based medicinal products. The proposed Sub-programme will cover the following mayor areas of operation: Two Neem Sheds are thought to be developed in different parts of India viz. east, and north central region. These sheds intends to become Centres of Learning for the farmers and provide technical backup and material for promoting agro-based products for sustainable eco-friendly agriculture. Development of improved varieties of neem trees containing higher Azadirachtin content through application of bio-technology undertaking extensive planting in the waste lands through establishment of neem Sheds. Neem Sheds are thougth to be established in places which are otherwise wasteland for promoting large scale plantations of neem tree. These sheds are thought to be centers of neem germplasm, assess them for increased productivity, develop techniques for improved seed viability and high bio-active principles, disseminate knowledge and techniques in propagating latest varieties of neem trees to the farmers. Besides, the neem sheds have demonstration plants producing various products for generating income through the development of sustainable agriculture in wasteland and at the same time preserving the environment and enriching the ecosystem. The project intends to work on process development for the neem based products and the existing production technologies and develop a more cost effective process based on scale production units which could be set up at the village level. The various neem products should 64
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ivi Division 45 Rural Development W
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Table of Contents Page Foreword for
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Foreword for the 2 nd Edition FOREW
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SUMMARY Indeed, neem has been effec
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2. Global Neem Dissemination and Us
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2. GLOBAL NEEM DISSEMINATION AND US
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2.2 Potential Uses of Neem 2. GLOBA
Page 16 and 17: 2. GLOBAL NEEM DISSEMINATION AND US
Page 20 and 21: Table 2.4: Analysis of neem oil for
Page 26 and 27: • Repellent and inhibition of fee
Page 28 and 29: SOURCES: • mainly. Schmutterer (1
Page 30 and 31: • Use of neem as a home-made pest
Page 32 and 33: 3. NEEM AS A NON-SYNTHETIC PESTICID
Page 40 and 41: Table 3.6: Commercial neem-based pe
Page 42 and 43: 3.6 Evaluation of the Questionnaire
Page 48 and 49: 4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-COOPERATION
Page 52 and 53: Project: "Neem Cake as Nematicide"
Page 58 and 59: UNIDO/GTZ 4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-CO
Page 70 and 71: PT. Multi Planextrac 4. NEEM IN DEV
Page 72 and 73: GTZ IPM Horticulture Project Time f
Page 76 and 77: MALAWI 4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-COOPE
Page 80 and 81: Literature: 4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-
Page 84 and 85: AFGRO- Uni Minnesota/USAID Time fra
Page 86 and 87: PAKISTAN 4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-COO
Page 92 and 93: SURINAM 4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-COOP
Page 102 and 103: 5. PROSPECTS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR
Page 104 and 105: 6. Outlook 6. OUTLOOK In many devel
Page 106 and 107: Annex ANNEX 103
Page 108 and 109: ANNEX 14 OSTERMANN, H.: Zur Wirtsch
Page 110 and 111: ANNEX 41 GRUNEWALD, J. & A. VOLLMER
Page 112 and 113: ANNEX GERRITS, R., VAN LATUM, E., (
Page 114 and 115: ANNEX List of addresses of those or
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- Coopération de Soyo, Martin Diet
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List of Publications on Neem of GTZ
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ANNEX HELLPAP, C. & DREYER, M. (199
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ANNEX International Institute of Tr
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ANNEX SOMBATSIRI, K., ERMEL, K. & S
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Status report on global Neem usage - Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal

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