Planetary Geology pdf - NASA

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N Figure 9.3. Wind streaks on Mars located on plains between Tartarus Montes and Orcus Patera. The picture center is approximately 19¡N, 183¡ W. North is to the top. Viking Orbiter photograph 545A52. 112 Exercise Nine: Aeolian Processes Activities in Planetary Geology for the Physical and Earth Sciences EG-1998-03-109-HQ
Unit Four The three decades from the mid-1960s to the mid-1990s have revolutionized our understanding of the planets and their satellites. During this period, spacecraft made an initial reconnaissance of all of the planets except Pluto, returning a wealth of information, much in the form of images. The surfaces revealed in these images range from the subtly familiar, such as the riverlike valleys of Mars seen by the Viking Orbiters, to the wildly exotic, like the ice cliffs of Miranda, a satellite of Uranus. What we understand of the histories of the planets and their satellites is based on observations of their surfaces. For example, Mars shows a myriad of landforms that were shaped by running water in the past, even though liquid water is not stable near the surface of Mars today. Thus, planetary scientists conclude that Mars had a wet early history, and that Introduction to Planetary Surfaces 113 its climate somehow evolved to make Mars the frozen desert that it is today. Many of the icy satellites of the outer solar system show evidence for extensive flows of icy material, even though these moons are frozen solid today. Thus, some energy source increased the internal temperatures of these satellites in the distant past. This unit introduces students to the interpretation of geologic landforms and processes on the planets and satellites through five exercises. First, the overall geology of the terrestrial planets is introduced. Then, individual activities concentrate on the geology of Mars and Venus. Next, students are led through the outer solar system using some of the spectacular images from the Voyager mission. Finally, the types of landforms and processes introduced in preceding activities are reviewed through analysis of stereoscopic planetary images. EG-1998-03-109-HQ Activities in Planetary Geology for the Physical and Earth Sciences
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National Aeronautics and Space Admi
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A ctivities in Planetary Geology fo
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Preface Introduction Special Note t
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We are living in a time of revoluti
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Exercise One Suggested Correlation
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Part One 1. (Answers will vary.) Vo
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5. Based on the number of pictures
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_____ 08/19/92 earthquake, central
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165° W 75°W 0° 75°E180°E 75°N
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1. a. The volcano has a circular ba
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Exercise Two Volcanism Purpose By s
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7. List some factors that might aff
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. How is it similar? Examine the vi
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N 200 m Figure 2.1. Mount Capulin,
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N Figure 2.3. Oblique aerial view o
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Figures 2.7.a., 2.7.b. Meteor Crate
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N Figure 2.9. Mosaic of Landsat fra
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1. a. Sketch should show steep side
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Exercise Three Purpose By using ste
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Gradation 2. Figure 3.4 shows a por
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. Examine the broad, steep face tha
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e. Determine the sequence of events
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Exercise Three: Geologic Landforms
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Exercise Three: Geologic Landforms
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N Figure 3.8. Sierra Caballos Mount
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Exercise Four Impact Cratering Inst
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Objective To determine the initial
Page 55 and 56: Name Exercise Four Impact Cratering
Page 57 and 58: Sketch area In the fourth section o
Page 59 and 60: Part C Shot 1 (smallest) Shot 2 (ne
Page 61 and 62: 10 km Exercise Four: Impact Crateri
Page 63 and 64: Science Standards ■ Earth and Spa
Page 65 and 66: Figure 5.1. Comparison of the forma
Page 67 and 68: Exercise Five Purpose To illustrate
Page 69 and 70: Part B: Volcanic Explosive Craterin
Page 71 and 72: N 100 km Figure 5.5. Olympus Mons,
Page 73 and 74: Exercise Six Suggested Correlation
Page 75 and 76: Figure 6.1. Different sand surfaces
Page 77 and 78: Exercise Six Purpose To learn how p
Page 79 and 80: *c. What geologic process(es) forme
Page 81 and 82: Figure 6.4. Photograph of lunar mar
Page 83 and 84: Exercise Seven Coriolis Effect Inst
Page 85 and 86: Purpose By tracing an object as it
Page 87 and 88: N 100 km Figure 7.1. Centered at 20
Page 89 and 90: elow this is the solid core of the
Page 91 and 92: for turbulent, inclement weather on
Page 93 and 94: 7. Examine the atmosphere of Venus
Page 95 and 96: Figure 8.5. Viking Orbiter image 78
Page 97 and 98: N 102 Figure 8.7. Jupiter as seen b
Page 99 and 100: emove the flaps). Three windows are
Page 101 and 102: Purpose In this experiment you will
Page 103 and 104: 10. Based on your three sketches of
Page 105: The wind is at work on other planet
Page 109 and 110: 1. The highlands are bright, rugged
Page 111 and 112: 6. Based on the number of craters,
Page 113 and 114: Mercury Venus Earth Moon Mars Mean
Page 115 and 116: Figure 10.2. Mariner 10 mosaic of M
Page 117 and 118: C Figure 10.4. Magellan radar mosai
Page 119 and 120: Exercise Eleven Suggested Correlati
Page 121 and 122: Exercise Eleven Purpose To learn to
Page 123 and 124: . If windstreaks are dust deposits
Page 125 and 126: Figure 11.2. Ius Chasma, part of th
Page 127 and 128: Exercise Eleven: Geologic Features
Page 129 and 130: Exercise Twelve Suggested Correlati
Page 131 and 132: Exercise Twelve Purpose To learn ab
Page 133 and 134: So far all the figures have shown f
Page 135 and 136: Figure 12.3. The prominent circular
Page 137 and 138: N 100 km Figure 12.6. Volcanoes com
Page 139 and 140: Exercise Twelve: Geologic Features
Page 141 and 142: Exercise Thirteen Suggested Correla
Page 143 and 144: I. Ganymede 1. Ganymede orbits the
Page 145 and 146: 17. a. Volcanism. b. It shows a som
Page 147 and 148: Properties of the Major Satellites*
Page 149 and 150: The surface of Enceladus can be div
Page 151 and 152: . Describe in detail the shape of t
Page 153 and 154: Figure 13.1.b. Geological sketch ma
Page 155 and 156: A Figure 13.3. The surface of Rhea,
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Exercise Fourteen Planets in Stereo
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Exercise Fourteen: Planets in Stere
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9. Examine the stereo images of Fig
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. Sketch what a profile across a ty
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5 km Figure 14.3. Crater Geopert-Me
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Exercise Fourteen: Planets in Stere
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25 km Figure 14.10. The icy uranian
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Exercise Fifteen Suggested Correlat
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Exercise Fifteen Purpose The object
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3. What is the age relation between
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Figure 15.1. Sample geologic map an
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Figure 15.3. Apollo 15 photograph o
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Part A 1. Contacts are sharp; trans
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Geologic History Youngest Youngest
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Exercise Sixteen Purpose Through ob
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To establish age relations and inte
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Figure 16.3. Diagram of typical imp
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Exercise Sixteen: Photogeologic Map
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Figure 16.8. Northwest quadrant of
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Figure 16.10. Southeast quadrant of
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Youngest Youngest Oldest Oldest Fig
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Answer Key Map after 1) Scott et al
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Exercise Seventeen Purpose Through
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Geologic History: Youngest Oldest E
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Erosion: Process whereby materials
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Terrain: A region of a surface shar
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Cattermole, P. (1994). Venus: The G
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Object Moon Moon Moon Moon Moon Moo
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Object Jupiter Jupiter Jupiter Jupi
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1.6 Regional Planetary Image Facili
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2. Map Link 25 Eat Mason Santa Barb
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NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMI
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