Planetary Geology pdf - NASA

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A 148 B Activities in Planetary Geology for the Physical and Earth Sciences EG-1998-03-109-HQ N 200 km Figure 12.9. Magellan radar image of part of the Carson Quadrangle, Venus (C2-MIDR 00N337;2). North is to the top. Exercise Twelve: Geologic Features of Venus
Exercise Thirteen Suggested Correlation of Topics Comparative planetology, geological mapping, geomorphology, impact cratering, outer planets, tectonism, volcanism Purpose This exercise allows the student to develop skills in image interpretation and comparative planetology by analyzing similarities and differences in the landforms and the geological histories of four outer planet satellites. Incorporated are skills of geological mapping, description, and interpretation of tables. Materials Clear acetate or overhead projector transparencies (2 sheets per student or group), overhead projector markers (colored markers can be used for added clarity) Substitutions: Tracing paper, pencils (colored pencils for added clarity) Background Reconnaissance of the giant, gaseous outer planets of the solar system and their major satellites was undertaken by the two Voyager spacecraft, launched in 1977. Voyagers 1 and 2 flew past Jupiter and its major satellites in 1979, then explored Saturn and its moons in 1980 and 1981. Voyager 2 flew past Uranus and its satellites in 1986 and explored the Neptune system in 1989. These spacecraft enabled the discovery of the spectacular diversity in the geology of the outer planet satellites. This exercise uses Voyager images of four of these moonsÑGanymede and Io at Jupiter, and Enceladus and Rhea at SaturnÑto illustrate this Exercise Thirteen: The Geology of Outer Planet Satellites Exercises Two and Fifteen are suggested as introductory exercises. Geologic Features of Outer Planet Satellites Instructor Notes 149 diversity. Most of the outer planet satellites are composed of mixtures of rock and ice. The ice typically is water ice, but more exotic ices, such as methane, are present in some satellites, especially those circling planets farthest from the sun. Io is unusual in being a rocky world, and in the predominance of active volcanism which shapes its surface today. Ganymede and Enceladus show widespread evidence for past volcanism, but the ÒlavaÓ that once flowed on these satellites is comprised of ice, rather than rock. Ganymede and Enceladus show clear evidence for tectonism, expressed as grooves and ridges. Tectonism has affected Io and Rhea to lesser degrees, and its expression will probably not be apparent to students from the images supplied in this exercise. The most observant students, however, may notice small grooves on Rhea and Io. The abundant cliffs on Io may be tectonic in origin, or they may be related to sublimation of a volatile material and subsequent collapse, a form of gradation. In general, gradational processes on outer planet satellites are not apparent at the scale of Voyager images and are not specifically addressed in this exercise. However, in discussing the morphologies of craters on Rhea, it would be useful to point out to students that the principal cause of crater degradation on that satellite is the redistribution of material by impact cratering. New craters pelt older ones, creating ejecta and redistributing material to subdue the forms of fresh craters over time. To a lesser extent, mass wasting probably acts to modify crater shapes through the action of gravity. There are many opportunities for class discussion of specific topics only touched upon by this exercise. For example, question 5 regarding the morphologies of craters on Ganymede might initiate discussion on what could cause their different appearances. Where relevant, information that will help the instructor guide discussion is included in square brackets within the answer key. EG-1998-03-109-HQ Activities in Planetary Geology for the Physical and Earth Sciences 2.5 hours
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National Aeronautics and Space Admi
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A ctivities in Planetary Geology fo
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Preface Introduction Special Note t
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We are living in a time of revoluti
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Exercise One Suggested Correlation
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Part One 1. (Answers will vary.) Vo
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5. Based on the number of pictures
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_____ 08/19/92 earthquake, central
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165° W 75°W 0° 75°E180°E 75°N
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1. a. The volcano has a circular ba
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Exercise Two Volcanism Purpose By s
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7. List some factors that might aff
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. How is it similar? Examine the vi
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N 200 m Figure 2.1. Mount Capulin,
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N Figure 2.3. Oblique aerial view o
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Figures 2.7.a., 2.7.b. Meteor Crate
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N Figure 2.9. Mosaic of Landsat fra
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1. a. Sketch should show steep side
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Exercise Three Purpose By using ste
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Gradation 2. Figure 3.4 shows a por
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. Examine the broad, steep face tha
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e. Determine the sequence of events
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Exercise Three: Geologic Landforms
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Exercise Three: Geologic Landforms
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N Figure 3.8. Sierra Caballos Mount
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Exercise Four Impact Cratering Inst
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Objective To determine the initial
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Name Exercise Four Impact Cratering
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Sketch area In the fourth section o
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Part C Shot 1 (smallest) Shot 2 (ne
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10 km Exercise Four: Impact Crateri
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Science Standards ■ Earth and Spa
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Figure 5.1. Comparison of the forma
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Exercise Five Purpose To illustrate
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Part B: Volcanic Explosive Craterin
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N 100 km Figure 5.5. Olympus Mons,
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Exercise Six Suggested Correlation
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Figure 6.1. Different sand surfaces
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Exercise Six Purpose To learn how p
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*c. What geologic process(es) forme
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Figure 6.4. Photograph of lunar mar
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Exercise Seven Coriolis Effect Inst
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Purpose By tracing an object as it
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N 100 km Figure 7.1. Centered at 20
Page 89 and 90: elow this is the solid core of the
Page 91 and 92: for turbulent, inclement weather on
Page 93 and 94: 7. Examine the atmosphere of Venus
Page 95 and 96: Figure 8.5. Viking Orbiter image 78
Page 97 and 98: N 102 Figure 8.7. Jupiter as seen b
Page 99 and 100: emove the flaps). Three windows are
Page 101 and 102: Purpose In this experiment you will
Page 103 and 104: 10. Based on your three sketches of
Page 105 and 106: The wind is at work on other planet
Page 107 and 108: Unit Four The three decades from th
Page 109 and 110: 1. The highlands are bright, rugged
Page 111 and 112: 6. Based on the number of craters,
Page 113 and 114: Mercury Venus Earth Moon Mars Mean
Page 115 and 116: Figure 10.2. Mariner 10 mosaic of M
Page 117 and 118: C Figure 10.4. Magellan radar mosai
Page 119 and 120: Exercise Eleven Suggested Correlati
Page 121 and 122: Exercise Eleven Purpose To learn to
Page 123 and 124: . If windstreaks are dust deposits
Page 125 and 126: Figure 11.2. Ius Chasma, part of th
Page 127 and 128: Exercise Eleven: Geologic Features
Page 129 and 130: Exercise Twelve Suggested Correlati
Page 131 and 132: Exercise Twelve Purpose To learn ab
Page 133 and 134: So far all the figures have shown f
Page 135 and 136: Figure 12.3. The prominent circular
Page 137 and 138: N 100 km Figure 12.6. Volcanoes com
Page 139: Exercise Twelve: Geologic Features
Page 143 and 144: I. Ganymede 1. Ganymede orbits the
Page 145 and 146: 17. a. Volcanism. b. It shows a som
Page 147 and 148: Properties of the Major Satellites*
Page 149 and 150: The surface of Enceladus can be div
Page 151 and 152: . Describe in detail the shape of t
Page 153 and 154: Figure 13.1.b. Geological sketch ma
Page 155 and 156: A Figure 13.3. The surface of Rhea,
Page 157 and 158: Exercise Fourteen Planets in Stereo
Page 159 and 160: Exercise Fourteen: Planets in Stere
Page 161 and 162: 9. Examine the stereo images of Fig
Page 163 and 164: . Sketch what a profile across a ty
Page 165 and 166: 5 km Figure 14.3. Crater Geopert-Me
Page 167 and 168: Exercise Fourteen: Planets in Stere
Page 169 and 170: 25 km Figure 14.10. The icy uranian
Page 171 and 172: Exercise Fifteen Suggested Correlat
Page 173 and 174: Exercise Fifteen Purpose The object
Page 175 and 176: 3. What is the age relation between
Page 177 and 178: Figure 15.1. Sample geologic map an
Page 179 and 180: Figure 15.3. Apollo 15 photograph o
Page 181 and 182: Part A 1. Contacts are sharp; trans
Page 183 and 184: Geologic History Youngest Youngest
Page 185 and 186: Exercise Sixteen Purpose Through ob
Page 187 and 188: To establish age relations and inte
Page 189 and 190: Figure 16.1. Sample geologic map an
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Figure 16.3. Diagram of typical imp
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Exercise Sixteen: Photogeologic Map
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Figure 16.8. Northwest quadrant of
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Figure 16.10. Southeast quadrant of
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Youngest Youngest Oldest Oldest Fig
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Answer Key Map after 1) Scott et al
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Exercise Seventeen Purpose Through
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Figure 17.2. Sample geologic map an
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Geologic History: Youngest Oldest E
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Erosion: Process whereby materials
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Terrain: A region of a surface shar
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Cattermole, P. (1994). Venus: The G
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Object Moon Moon Moon Moon Moon Moo
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Object Jupiter Jupiter Jupiter Jupi
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1.6 Regional Planetary Image Facili
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2. Map Link 25 Eat Mason Santa Barb
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NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMI
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