Planetary Geology pdf - NASA

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5. If you were in an airplane that takes off from Miami, Florida and is flying to Toronto, Canada, would your plane be deflected to the left or to the right as it flew? Now spin the turntable clockwise. This is the direction that the Earth turns (or rotates), when viewed from the south pole. The turntable is modeling the southern hemisphere of the Earth. Draw a straight line across the turntable using a different colored marker, while spinning it at a constant speed. Be sure to watch that your marker follows a straight path! Label the beginning of the line you drew with an arrow pointing in the direction the marker moved. Note that the line you drew is again a curve. 6. With the starting point of the line directly in front of you, in which direction was line deflected? (Which way does the arrow pointÑright or left?) 7. Which direction does the line curve (clockwise or counterclockwise)? 8. If you were in a cruise ship that set sail from Cape Town, South Africa and was sailing for Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, would your ship be deflected to the left or to the right as it traveled? 9. What is the difference between the way objects move over the Earth in the northern hemisphere compared with those in the southern hemisphere? Examine Figure 7.1, which shows part of Mars. The bright streaks associated with some craters can be used as wind direction indicators. They are deposits of dust that can form downwind from craters. 10. Does the group of streaks form a straight or a curved path (as a whole group)? 11. What does the shape of the wind streaks indicate about the existence of a Coriolis effect on Mars? 12. Does Mars rotate? How do you know? 13. From which way did the wind blow to make the streaks in Figure 7.1? 14. Imagine you are on the part of Mars shown in this figure, standing with the wind to your back. Which way is the wind being deflected, to your left or your right? 15. If Mars rotates in the same direction as the Earth (from west to east), is this a picture of the northern or southern hemisphere of Mars? Optional Question *16. Why is the Coriolis Òforce,Ó which causes objects to deflect from a straight path on a rotating planet, sometimes called an imaginary force? 90 Exercise Seven: Coriolis Effect Activities in Planetary Geology for the Physical and Earth Sciences EG-1998-03-109-HQ
N 100 km Figure 7.1. Centered at 20û, 250ûW, this mosaic is of a region on Mars called Hesperia Planum, site of much aeolian (wind) activity. Note the bright streaks associated with some of the craters; they can be used as wind direction indicators. North is to the top. Viking Orbiter mosaic 211-5478. Exercise Seven: Coriolis Effect EG-1998-03-109-HQ Activities in Planetary Geology for the Physical and Earth Sciences 91
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National Aeronautics and Space Admi
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A ctivities in Planetary Geology fo
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Preface Introduction Special Note t
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We are living in a time of revoluti
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Exercise One Suggested Correlation
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Part One 1. (Answers will vary.) Vo
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5. Based on the number of pictures
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_____ 08/19/92 earthquake, central
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165° W 75°W 0° 75°E180°E 75°N
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1. a. The volcano has a circular ba
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Exercise Two Volcanism Purpose By s
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7. List some factors that might aff
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. How is it similar? Examine the vi
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N 200 m Figure 2.1. Mount Capulin,
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N Figure 2.3. Oblique aerial view o
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Figures 2.7.a., 2.7.b. Meteor Crate
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N Figure 2.9. Mosaic of Landsat fra
Page 35 and 36: 1. a. Sketch should show steep side
Page 37 and 38: Exercise Three Purpose By using ste
Page 39 and 40: Gradation 2. Figure 3.4 shows a por
Page 41 and 42: . Examine the broad, steep face tha
Page 43 and 44: e. Determine the sequence of events
Page 45 and 46: Exercise Three: Geologic Landforms
Page 47 and 48: Exercise Three: Geologic Landforms
Page 49 and 50: N Figure 3.8. Sierra Caballos Mount
Page 51 and 52: Exercise Four Impact Cratering Inst
Page 53 and 54: Objective To determine the initial
Page 55 and 56: Name Exercise Four Impact Cratering
Page 57 and 58: Sketch area In the fourth section o
Page 59 and 60: Part C Shot 1 (smallest) Shot 2 (ne
Page 61 and 62: 10 km Exercise Four: Impact Crateri
Page 63 and 64: Science Standards ■ Earth and Spa
Page 65 and 66: Figure 5.1. Comparison of the forma
Page 67 and 68: Exercise Five Purpose To illustrate
Page 69 and 70: Part B: Volcanic Explosive Craterin
Page 71 and 72: N 100 km Figure 5.5. Olympus Mons,
Page 73 and 74: Exercise Six Suggested Correlation
Page 75 and 76: Figure 6.1. Different sand surfaces
Page 77 and 78: Exercise Six Purpose To learn how p
Page 79 and 80: *c. What geologic process(es) forme
Page 81 and 82: Figure 6.4. Photograph of lunar mar
Page 83 and 84: Exercise Seven Coriolis Effect Inst
Page 85: Purpose By tracing an object as it
Page 89 and 90: elow this is the solid core of the
Page 91 and 92: for turbulent, inclement weather on
Page 93 and 94: 7. Examine the atmosphere of Venus
Page 95 and 96: Figure 8.5. Viking Orbiter image 78
Page 97 and 98: N 102 Figure 8.7. Jupiter as seen b
Page 99 and 100: emove the flaps). Three windows are
Page 101 and 102: Purpose In this experiment you will
Page 103 and 104: 10. Based on your three sketches of
Page 105 and 106: The wind is at work on other planet
Page 107 and 108: Unit Four The three decades from th
Page 109 and 110: 1. The highlands are bright, rugged
Page 111 and 112: 6. Based on the number of craters,
Page 113 and 114: Mercury Venus Earth Moon Mars Mean
Page 115 and 116: Figure 10.2. Mariner 10 mosaic of M
Page 117 and 118: C Figure 10.4. Magellan radar mosai
Page 119 and 120: Exercise Eleven Suggested Correlati
Page 121 and 122: Exercise Eleven Purpose To learn to
Page 123 and 124: . If windstreaks are dust deposits
Page 125 and 126: Figure 11.2. Ius Chasma, part of th
Page 127 and 128: Exercise Eleven: Geologic Features
Page 129 and 130: Exercise Twelve Suggested Correlati
Page 131 and 132: Exercise Twelve Purpose To learn ab
Page 133 and 134: So far all the figures have shown f
Page 135 and 136: Figure 12.3. The prominent circular
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N 100 km Figure 12.6. Volcanoes com
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Exercise Twelve: Geologic Features
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Exercise Thirteen Suggested Correla
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I. Ganymede 1. Ganymede orbits the
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17. a. Volcanism. b. It shows a som
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Properties of the Major Satellites*
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The surface of Enceladus can be div
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. Describe in detail the shape of t
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Figure 13.1.b. Geological sketch ma
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A Figure 13.3. The surface of Rhea,
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Exercise Fourteen Planets in Stereo
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Exercise Fourteen: Planets in Stere
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9. Examine the stereo images of Fig
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. Sketch what a profile across a ty
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5 km Figure 14.3. Crater Geopert-Me
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Exercise Fourteen: Planets in Stere
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25 km Figure 14.10. The icy uranian
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Exercise Fifteen Suggested Correlat
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Exercise Fifteen Purpose The object
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3. What is the age relation between
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Figure 15.1. Sample geologic map an
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Figure 15.3. Apollo 15 photograph o
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Part A 1. Contacts are sharp; trans
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Geologic History Youngest Youngest
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Exercise Sixteen Purpose Through ob
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To establish age relations and inte
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Figure 16.3. Diagram of typical imp
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Exercise Sixteen: Photogeologic Map
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Figure 16.8. Northwest quadrant of
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Figure 16.10. Southeast quadrant of
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Youngest Youngest Oldest Oldest Fig
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Answer Key Map after 1) Scott et al
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Exercise Seventeen Purpose Through
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Geologic History: Youngest Oldest E
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Erosion: Process whereby materials
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Terrain: A region of a surface shar
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Cattermole, P. (1994). Venus: The G
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Object Moon Moon Moon Moon Moon Moo
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Object Jupiter Jupiter Jupiter Jupi
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1.6 Regional Planetary Image Facili
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2. Map Link 25 Eat Mason Santa Barb
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NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMI
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