Planetary Geology pdf - NASA

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Ms. Kelly Bender Department of Geology Arizona State University Tempe, AZ 85287 Dr. Richard DÕAlli Department of Psychiatry Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC 27706 Prof. Ronald Greeley Department of Geology Arizona State University Tempe, AZ 85287 Ms. Lee Ann Henning Fort Hunt High School Fort Hunt, VA Mr. William Johnson Fairfax High School 3500 Old Lee Highway Fairfax, VA 22030 Grade Level K Ð 4 5 Ð 8 9 Ð 12 College Form of Activity Activity Contributors ii Ms. Deana Cooper Highland High School Gilbert, AZ 85234 Mr. David Nelson Department of Geology Arizona State University Tempe, AZ 85287 Dr. Robert Pappalardo Department of Geological Sciences Brown University Providence, RI 02912 Mr. David Rood 2060 John Dodgen Way Marietta, GA 30062 Prof. Peter H. Schultz Department of Geological Sciences Brown University Providence, RI 02912 Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Stereo Photos Aerial Photos Geologic Geologic Events Events Individual Student Activity Group Student Activity Instuctor Demonstration Guide to Activity Level √ Rainy Day Craters Compar. Cratering Impact Cratering √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √√√ √ √ Coriolis Effect √ Wind Tunnel Storm Systems √ √ √ √ √ Landform Mapping Venus Geology Mars Geology √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √√ √√ Outer Planet Sats. Intro. to Mapping Planets in Stereo Mars Mapping Moon Mapping √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Activities in Planetary Geology for the Physical and Earth Sciences EG-1998-03-109-HQ
Preface Introduction Special Note to the Instructor A Note About Photographs Table of Contents Unit One: Introduction to Geologic Processes Exercise One: Geologic Events on Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Exercise Two: Geologic Landforms Seen on Aerial Photos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Exercise Three: Geologic Landforms Seen on Stereoscopic Photos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Unit Two: Introduction to Impact Cratering Exercise Four: Impact Cratering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 Exercise Five: Comparative Cratering Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 Exercise Six: Impact Cratering on a Rainy Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 Unit Three: Introduction to Planetary Atmospheres Exercise Seven: Coriolis Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 Exercise Eight: Storm Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93 Exercise Nine: Aeolian Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103 Unit Four: Introduction to Planetary Surfaces Exercise Ten: Landform Mapping: The Terrestrial Planets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115 Exercise Eleven: Geologic Features of Mars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127 Exercise Twelve: Geologic Features of Venus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137 Exercise Thirteen: Geologic Features of Outer Planet Satellites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149 Exercise Fourteen: Planets in Stereo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167 Unit Five: Introduction to Planetary Geologic Mapping Exercise Fifteen: Introduction to Photogeologic Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183 Exercise Sixteen: Photogeologic Mapping of the Moon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193 Exercise Seventeen: Photogeologic Mapping of Mars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215 Appendix Glossary of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225 Planetary Geology Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229 Evaluation Return Card EG-1998-03-109-HQ Activities in Planetary Geology for the Physical and Earth Sciences iii
Page 1 and 2: National Aeronautics and Space Admi
Page 3: A ctivities in Planetary Geology fo
Page 7 and 8: We are living in a time of revoluti
Page 9 and 10: Exercise One Suggested Correlation
Page 11 and 12: Part One 1. (Answers will vary.) Vo
Page 13 and 14: 5. Based on the number of pictures
Page 15 and 16: _____ 08/19/92 earthquake, central
Page 17 and 18: 165° W 75°W 0° 75°E180°E 75°N
Page 19 and 20: 1. a. The volcano has a circular ba
Page 21 and 22: Exercise Two Volcanism Purpose By s
Page 23 and 24: 7. List some factors that might aff
Page 25 and 26: . How is it similar? Examine the vi
Page 27 and 28: N 200 m Figure 2.1. Mount Capulin,
Page 29 and 30: N Figure 2.3. Oblique aerial view o
Page 31 and 32: Figures 2.7.a., 2.7.b. Meteor Crate
Page 33 and 34: N Figure 2.9. Mosaic of Landsat fra
Page 35 and 36: 1. a. Sketch should show steep side
Page 37 and 38: Exercise Three Purpose By using ste
Page 39 and 40: Gradation 2. Figure 3.4 shows a por
Page 41 and 42: . Examine the broad, steep face tha
Page 43 and 44: e. Determine the sequence of events
Page 45 and 46: Exercise Three: Geologic Landforms
Page 47 and 48: Exercise Three: Geologic Landforms
Page 49 and 50: N Figure 3.8. Sierra Caballos Mount
Page 51 and 52: Exercise Four Impact Cratering Inst
Page 53 and 54: Objective To determine the initial
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Name Exercise Four Impact Cratering
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Sketch area In the fourth section o
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Part C Shot 1 (smallest) Shot 2 (ne
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10 km Exercise Four: Impact Crateri
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Science Standards ■ Earth and Spa
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Figure 5.1. Comparison of the forma
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Exercise Five Purpose To illustrate
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Part B: Volcanic Explosive Craterin
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N 100 km Figure 5.5. Olympus Mons,
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Exercise Six Suggested Correlation
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Figure 6.1. Different sand surfaces
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Exercise Six Purpose To learn how p
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*c. What geologic process(es) forme
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Figure 6.4. Photograph of lunar mar
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Exercise Seven Coriolis Effect Inst
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Purpose By tracing an object as it
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N 100 km Figure 7.1. Centered at 20
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elow this is the solid core of the
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for turbulent, inclement weather on
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7. Examine the atmosphere of Venus
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Figure 8.5. Viking Orbiter image 78
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N 102 Figure 8.7. Jupiter as seen b
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emove the flaps). Three windows are
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Purpose In this experiment you will
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10. Based on your three sketches of
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The wind is at work on other planet
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Unit Four The three decades from th
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1. The highlands are bright, rugged
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6. Based on the number of craters,
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Mercury Venus Earth Moon Mars Mean
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Figure 10.2. Mariner 10 mosaic of M
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C Figure 10.4. Magellan radar mosai
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Exercise Eleven Suggested Correlati
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Exercise Eleven Purpose To learn to
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. If windstreaks are dust deposits
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Figure 11.2. Ius Chasma, part of th
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Exercise Eleven: Geologic Features
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Exercise Twelve Suggested Correlati
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Exercise Twelve Purpose To learn ab
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So far all the figures have shown f
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Figure 12.3. The prominent circular
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N 100 km Figure 12.6. Volcanoes com
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Exercise Twelve: Geologic Features
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Exercise Thirteen Suggested Correla
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I. Ganymede 1. Ganymede orbits the
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17. a. Volcanism. b. It shows a som
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Properties of the Major Satellites*
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The surface of Enceladus can be div
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. Describe in detail the shape of t
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Figure 13.1.b. Geological sketch ma
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A Figure 13.3. The surface of Rhea,
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Exercise Fourteen Planets in Stereo
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Exercise Fourteen: Planets in Stere
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9. Examine the stereo images of Fig
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. Sketch what a profile across a ty
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5 km Figure 14.3. Crater Geopert-Me
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Exercise Fourteen: Planets in Stere
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25 km Figure 14.10. The icy uranian
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Exercise Fifteen Suggested Correlat
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Exercise Fifteen Purpose The object
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3. What is the age relation between
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Figure 15.1. Sample geologic map an
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Figure 15.3. Apollo 15 photograph o
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Part A 1. Contacts are sharp; trans
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Geologic History Youngest Youngest
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Exercise Sixteen Purpose Through ob
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To establish age relations and inte
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Page 191 and 192:
Figure 16.3. Diagram of typical imp
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Exercise Sixteen: Photogeologic Map
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Figure 16.8. Northwest quadrant of
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Figure 16.10. Southeast quadrant of
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Youngest Youngest Oldest Oldest Fig
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Answer Key Map after 1) Scott et al
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Exercise Seventeen Purpose Through
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Geologic History: Youngest Oldest E
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Erosion: Process whereby materials
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Terrain: A region of a surface shar
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Cattermole, P. (1994). Venus: The G
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Object Moon Moon Moon Moon Moon Moo
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Object Jupiter Jupiter Jupiter Jupi
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1.6 Regional Planetary Image Facili
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2. Map Link 25 Eat Mason Santa Barb
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NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMI
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