Planetary Geology pdf - NASA

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Figure 6.2. Illustration of the effect of lighting angle on the identification of surface features. The craters are illuminated from directly overhead (upper left), 60¡ from the horizontal (upper right), 30¡ from the horizontal (lower left) and 5¡ from the horizontal (lower right). 78 Exercise Six: Impact Cratering on a Rainy Day Activities in Planetary Geology for the Physical and Earth Sciences EG-1998-03-109-HQ
Exercise Six Purpose To learn how planetary surfaces are modified by multiple impacts and how surfaces can be dated by analysis of craters. In addition, to understand the effects of illumination angle on the detection of craters. Materials For each student group: Watering can, duct tape, pin, fine mesh screen, 4 petri dishes, very fine sand, flashlight. Exercise Six: Impact Cratering on a Rainy Day Name Impact Cratering on a Rainy Day Procedure and Questions EG-1998-03-109-HQ Activities in Planetary Geology for the Physical and Earth Sciences 79 Introduction Impact craters are formed when meteoroids, asteroids, or comets impact planetary surfaces. As the number of impact craters increases on a surface, the appearance of the surfaces changes. After a period of time, equilibrium is reached, in which old craters are destroyed as quickly as new craters form. A. Place a piece of duct tape over the end of the watering can. Using the pin, poke one or two holes in the tape. Fill the can with water, but donÕt make it too heavy to hold for long periods of time. Fill each petri dish with fine sand. Place one dish on the floor on top of a drop cloth or newspaper. B. When making ÒraindropsÓ pour the water from the can very slowly, as single drops. Make each drop from the can hit the mesh screen to break it into smaller drops. Move the screen so that the drops are hitting dry screen as much as possible. As the holes of the screen fill with water, move the screen around so drops fall on dry spots of screen. This activity works best if one person holds the watering can and a second person holds screen. Holding the watering can at chest level, with the screen ~30 cm below the spout, ÒrainÓ on the petri dish for about 5 seconds, or until several craters have formed. 1. a. How do the crater sizes vary? b. Are the craters clustered together? Do they overlap? Save all your ÒrainedÓ on dishes for use in Question 4. Make a crater in the second dish with your finger. Place this dish in the rain for approximately 30 seconds. 2. a. What does the surface look like? b. What happened to the large crater you formed?
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National Aeronautics and Space Admi
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A ctivities in Planetary Geology fo
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Preface Introduction Special Note t
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We are living in a time of revoluti
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Exercise One Suggested Correlation
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Part One 1. (Answers will vary.) Vo
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5. Based on the number of pictures
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_____ 08/19/92 earthquake, central
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165° W 75°W 0° 75°E180°E 75°N
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1. a. The volcano has a circular ba
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Exercise Two Volcanism Purpose By s
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7. List some factors that might aff
Page 25 and 26: . How is it similar? Examine the vi
Page 27 and 28: N 200 m Figure 2.1. Mount Capulin,
Page 29 and 30: N Figure 2.3. Oblique aerial view o
Page 31 and 32: Figures 2.7.a., 2.7.b. Meteor Crate
Page 33 and 34: N Figure 2.9. Mosaic of Landsat fra
Page 35 and 36: 1. a. Sketch should show steep side
Page 37 and 38: Exercise Three Purpose By using ste
Page 39 and 40: Gradation 2. Figure 3.4 shows a por
Page 41 and 42: . Examine the broad, steep face tha
Page 43 and 44: e. Determine the sequence of events
Page 45 and 46: Exercise Three: Geologic Landforms
Page 47 and 48: Exercise Three: Geologic Landforms
Page 49 and 50: N Figure 3.8. Sierra Caballos Mount
Page 51 and 52: Exercise Four Impact Cratering Inst
Page 53 and 54: Objective To determine the initial
Page 55 and 56: Name Exercise Four Impact Cratering
Page 57 and 58: Sketch area In the fourth section o
Page 59 and 60: Part C Shot 1 (smallest) Shot 2 (ne
Page 61 and 62: 10 km Exercise Four: Impact Crateri
Page 63 and 64: Science Standards ■ Earth and Spa
Page 65 and 66: Figure 5.1. Comparison of the forma
Page 67 and 68: Exercise Five Purpose To illustrate
Page 69 and 70: Part B: Volcanic Explosive Craterin
Page 71 and 72: N 100 km Figure 5.5. Olympus Mons,
Page 73 and 74: Exercise Six Suggested Correlation
Page 75: Figure 6.1. Different sand surfaces
Page 79 and 80: *c. What geologic process(es) forme
Page 81 and 82: Figure 6.4. Photograph of lunar mar
Page 83 and 84: Exercise Seven Coriolis Effect Inst
Page 85 and 86: Purpose By tracing an object as it
Page 87 and 88: N 100 km Figure 7.1. Centered at 20
Page 89 and 90: elow this is the solid core of the
Page 91 and 92: for turbulent, inclement weather on
Page 93 and 94: 7. Examine the atmosphere of Venus
Page 95 and 96: Figure 8.5. Viking Orbiter image 78
Page 97 and 98: N 102 Figure 8.7. Jupiter as seen b
Page 99 and 100: emove the flaps). Three windows are
Page 101 and 102: Purpose In this experiment you will
Page 103 and 104: 10. Based on your three sketches of
Page 105 and 106: The wind is at work on other planet
Page 107 and 108: Unit Four The three decades from th
Page 109 and 110: 1. The highlands are bright, rugged
Page 111 and 112: 6. Based on the number of craters,
Page 113 and 114: Mercury Venus Earth Moon Mars Mean
Page 115 and 116: Figure 10.2. Mariner 10 mosaic of M
Page 117 and 118: C Figure 10.4. Magellan radar mosai
Page 119 and 120: Exercise Eleven Suggested Correlati
Page 121 and 122: Exercise Eleven Purpose To learn to
Page 123 and 124: . If windstreaks are dust deposits
Page 125 and 126: Figure 11.2. Ius Chasma, part of th
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Exercise Eleven: Geologic Features
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Exercise Twelve Suggested Correlati
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Exercise Twelve Purpose To learn ab
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So far all the figures have shown f
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Figure 12.3. The prominent circular
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N 100 km Figure 12.6. Volcanoes com
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Exercise Twelve: Geologic Features
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Exercise Thirteen Suggested Correla
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I. Ganymede 1. Ganymede orbits the
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17. a. Volcanism. b. It shows a som
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Properties of the Major Satellites*
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The surface of Enceladus can be div
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. Describe in detail the shape of t
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Figure 13.1.b. Geological sketch ma
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A Figure 13.3. The surface of Rhea,
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Exercise Fourteen Planets in Stereo
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Exercise Fourteen: Planets in Stere
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9. Examine the stereo images of Fig
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. Sketch what a profile across a ty
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5 km Figure 14.3. Crater Geopert-Me
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Exercise Fourteen: Planets in Stere
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25 km Figure 14.10. The icy uranian
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Exercise Fifteen Suggested Correlat
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Exercise Fifteen Purpose The object
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3. What is the age relation between
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Figure 15.1. Sample geologic map an
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Figure 15.3. Apollo 15 photograph o
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Part A 1. Contacts are sharp; trans
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Geologic History Youngest Youngest
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Exercise Sixteen Purpose Through ob
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To establish age relations and inte
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Figure 16.3. Diagram of typical imp
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Exercise Sixteen: Photogeologic Map
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Figure 16.8. Northwest quadrant of
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Figure 16.10. Southeast quadrant of
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Youngest Youngest Oldest Oldest Fig
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Answer Key Map after 1) Scott et al
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Exercise Seventeen Purpose Through
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Geologic History: Youngest Oldest E
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Erosion: Process whereby materials
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Terrain: A region of a surface shar
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Cattermole, P. (1994). Venus: The G
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Object Moon Moon Moon Moon Moon Moo
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Object Jupiter Jupiter Jupiter Jupi
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1.6 Regional Planetary Image Facili
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2. Map Link 25 Eat Mason Santa Barb
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NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMI
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