Planetary Geology pdf - NASA

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N B 50 km Figure 11.5. Apollinaris Patera and surrounding region centered at 10¡ S, 190¡ W. (Viking MDIM Volume 4.) 136 Exercise Eleven: Geologic Features of Mars Activities in Planetary Geology for the Physical and Earth Sciences EG-1998-03-109-HQ A D C
Exercise Twelve Suggested Correlation of Topics Purpose The objective of this exercise is to introduce the student to the remote sensing technique of radar imaging and to introduce the surface features found on Venus. Materials Suggested: clear acetate or overhead projector film, overhead projector markers, tape, 25 cm piece of string Substitutions: tracing paper, pencil, ruler Background This exercise introduces the use of radar images for geologic feature identification. Most people are not familiar with radar as an imaging system. Consequently, the student introduction contains extensive information to aid in completing this exercise. With completion of the exercise, the student should be able to recognize and identify some of the major geologic features found on Venus and understand the use of radar as a remote sensing technique. The explanation of radar and radar imaging in this exercise is highly simplified, focusing only on surface roughness. Factors such as wavelength, incidence angle, polarization and signal processing are not presented, although these factors are very important controls on the appearance of radar images. Students may only be familiar with the use of radar for weather satellites, air traffic control monitors, and police speed guns. Air traffic control radar and police speed guns work because the metal Exercise Twelve: Geologic Features of Venus Exercise Two is suggested as an introductory exercise. Venus geomorphology, impact cratering, radar, remote sensing, tectonism, volcanism Geologic Features of Venus Instructor Notes 137 in cars and airplanes is highly reflective at radar wavelengths. Because radar is an active system (it emits energy), it is not dependent on the sun or good weather for use; it can be used at night and is an important safety measure for air travel. Weather satellite radar systems use relatively short wavelengths, small enough for individual ice crystals and water droplets in clouds to reflect the signal back to the satellite, producing the images we see on the evening newscast. The Magellan spacecraft at Venus used a longer wavelength system that penetrated the thick cloud cover that shrouds the planet. The vertical stripes on some images of Venus (most obvious in figures 12.4, 12.5 and 12.9) are artifacts of the Magellan imaging system. Each stripe represents a single orbit of the spacecraft. Black stripes are present where the spacecraft did not image. Teacher Recommendations 1.0 hours The instructor is encouraged to present the electromagnetic spectrum before working this exercise, and to explain the radar part of the spectrum. The exercise is divided into three parts. The first part examines Venus features and asks the student to answer questions based on the images. The second part has the student identify various features within a region of Venus. The third part has the student design a rover journey to some of the features identified in part two. The ÒroverÓ part of this exercise will produce many and varied paths, depending on features identified, features chosen for a rover visit, and the rover starting point. The map in the answer key identifies all the features students are asked to locate, and includes two sample rover paths. The test for rover path accuracy is in the distance used (25 cm maximum) and whether the rover stays on the dark (smooth) plains while traveling to the selected features of interest. This exercise can be EG-1998-03-109-HQ Activities in Planetary Geology for the Physical and Earth Sciences
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National Aeronautics and Space Admi
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A ctivities in Planetary Geology fo
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Preface Introduction Special Note t
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We are living in a time of revoluti
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Exercise One Suggested Correlation
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Part One 1. (Answers will vary.) Vo
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5. Based on the number of pictures
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_____ 08/19/92 earthquake, central
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165° W 75°W 0° 75°E180°E 75°N
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1. a. The volcano has a circular ba
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Exercise Two Volcanism Purpose By s
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7. List some factors that might aff
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. How is it similar? Examine the vi
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N 200 m Figure 2.1. Mount Capulin,
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N Figure 2.3. Oblique aerial view o
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Figures 2.7.a., 2.7.b. Meteor Crate
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N Figure 2.9. Mosaic of Landsat fra
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1. a. Sketch should show steep side
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Exercise Three Purpose By using ste
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Gradation 2. Figure 3.4 shows a por
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. Examine the broad, steep face tha
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e. Determine the sequence of events
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Exercise Three: Geologic Landforms
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Exercise Three: Geologic Landforms
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N Figure 3.8. Sierra Caballos Mount
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Exercise Four Impact Cratering Inst
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Objective To determine the initial
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Name Exercise Four Impact Cratering
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Sketch area In the fourth section o
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Part C Shot 1 (smallest) Shot 2 (ne
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10 km Exercise Four: Impact Crateri
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Science Standards ■ Earth and Spa
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Figure 5.1. Comparison of the forma
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Exercise Five Purpose To illustrate
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Part B: Volcanic Explosive Craterin
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N 100 km Figure 5.5. Olympus Mons,
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Exercise Six Suggested Correlation
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Figure 6.1. Different sand surfaces
Page 77 and 78: Exercise Six Purpose To learn how p
Page 79 and 80: *c. What geologic process(es) forme
Page 81 and 82: Figure 6.4. Photograph of lunar mar
Page 83 and 84: Exercise Seven Coriolis Effect Inst
Page 85 and 86: Purpose By tracing an object as it
Page 87 and 88: N 100 km Figure 7.1. Centered at 20
Page 89 and 90: elow this is the solid core of the
Page 91 and 92: for turbulent, inclement weather on
Page 93 and 94: 7. Examine the atmosphere of Venus
Page 95 and 96: Figure 8.5. Viking Orbiter image 78
Page 97 and 98: N 102 Figure 8.7. Jupiter as seen b
Page 99 and 100: emove the flaps). Three windows are
Page 101 and 102: Purpose In this experiment you will
Page 103 and 104: 10. Based on your three sketches of
Page 105 and 106: The wind is at work on other planet
Page 107 and 108: Unit Four The three decades from th
Page 109 and 110: 1. The highlands are bright, rugged
Page 111 and 112: 6. Based on the number of craters,
Page 113 and 114: Mercury Venus Earth Moon Mars Mean
Page 115 and 116: Figure 10.2. Mariner 10 mosaic of M
Page 117 and 118: C Figure 10.4. Magellan radar mosai
Page 119 and 120: Exercise Eleven Suggested Correlati
Page 121 and 122: Exercise Eleven Purpose To learn to
Page 123 and 124: . If windstreaks are dust deposits
Page 125 and 126: Figure 11.2. Ius Chasma, part of th
Page 127: Exercise Eleven: Geologic Features
Page 131 and 132: Exercise Twelve Purpose To learn ab
Page 133 and 134: So far all the figures have shown f
Page 135 and 136: Figure 12.3. The prominent circular
Page 137 and 138: N 100 km Figure 12.6. Volcanoes com
Page 139 and 140: Exercise Twelve: Geologic Features
Page 141 and 142: Exercise Thirteen Suggested Correla
Page 143 and 144: I. Ganymede 1. Ganymede orbits the
Page 145 and 146: 17. a. Volcanism. b. It shows a som
Page 147 and 148: Properties of the Major Satellites*
Page 149 and 150: The surface of Enceladus can be div
Page 151 and 152: . Describe in detail the shape of t
Page 153 and 154: Figure 13.1.b. Geological sketch ma
Page 155 and 156: A Figure 13.3. The surface of Rhea,
Page 157 and 158: Exercise Fourteen Planets in Stereo
Page 159 and 160: Exercise Fourteen: Planets in Stere
Page 161 and 162: 9. Examine the stereo images of Fig
Page 163 and 164: . Sketch what a profile across a ty
Page 165 and 166: 5 km Figure 14.3. Crater Geopert-Me
Page 167 and 168: Exercise Fourteen: Planets in Stere
Page 169 and 170: 25 km Figure 14.10. The icy uranian
Page 171 and 172: Exercise Fifteen Suggested Correlat
Page 173 and 174: Exercise Fifteen Purpose The object
Page 175 and 176: 3. What is the age relation between
Page 177 and 178: Figure 15.1. Sample geologic map an
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Figure 15.3. Apollo 15 photograph o
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Part A 1. Contacts are sharp; trans
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Geologic History Youngest Youngest
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Exercise Sixteen Purpose Through ob
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To establish age relations and inte
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Figure 16.1. Sample geologic map an
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Figure 16.3. Diagram of typical imp
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Exercise Sixteen: Photogeologic Map
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Figure 16.8. Northwest quadrant of
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Figure 16.10. Southeast quadrant of
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Youngest Youngest Oldest Oldest Fig
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Answer Key Map after 1) Scott et al
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Exercise Seventeen Purpose Through
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Figure 17.2. Sample geologic map an
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Geologic History: Youngest Oldest E
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Erosion: Process whereby materials
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Terrain: A region of a surface shar
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Cattermole, P. (1994). Venus: The G
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Object Moon Moon Moon Moon Moon Moo
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Object Jupiter Jupiter Jupiter Jupi
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1.6 Regional Planetary Image Facili
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2. Map Link 25 Eat Mason Santa Barb
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NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMI
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