CEPAL Review no. 124

54 CEPAL Review N° 124 • April 2018
Table A1.2
Latin America (10 countries): factors conditioning the acquisition
of mathematics skills, PISA 2009
ARG BRA CHL COL CRI MEX PAN PER URY VEN
constant 344.07 385.70 294.99 329.84 359.21 334.95 267.97 293.87 373.24 243.21
(16.278)* (9.064)* (26.479)* (15.719)* (21.377)* (7.177)* (78.365)* (18.268)* (9.751)* (85.576)*
non-repeater 107.51 149.90 217.52 176.96 212.80 179.02 220.13 240.25 131.49 211.27
(23.083)* (12.893)* (41.318)* (21.674)* (32.489)* (10.385)* (111.873)** (34.484)* (11.980)* (124.853)***
sex -18.72 -33.39 -38.69 -39.02 -31.79 -28.19 -23.10 -39.87 -33.52 -37.60
(3.862)* (2.579)* (4.646)* (3.349)* (3.727)* (1.764)* (6.926)* (4.259)* (2.478)* (12.108)*
effort -1.19 3.05 1.94 8.00 -4.74 4.16 4.83 -2.77 -0.74 2.95
(3.427)* (2.267) (3.789) (3.198)** (3.733) (1.610)* (6.616) (3.657) (2.259) (5.994)
discipline 8.58 4.24 8.55 10.10 -5.29 3.95 -1.50 6.62 5.66 0.01
(3.894)** (2.795) (4.459)*** (4.585)** (4.974) (2.159)*** (8.707) (5.343) (2.873)** (7.102)
books 17.87 7.72 31.09 26.57 8.22 20.94 22.08 11.12 24.99 8.50
(6.487)* (5.869) (5.883)* (7.468)* (9.007) (4.208)* (14.779) (8.998) (4.011)* (10.598)
educamother 15.68 2.62 15.39 13.13 -6.21 13.27 -6.30 -0.62 14.92 20.59
(4.314)* (2.665) (4.996)* (3.793)* (5.367) (1.858)* (9.299) (7.291) (3.368)* (10.800)***
empfather 9.93 0.21 -4.50 -5.64 -9.46 4.19 -16.69 -10.26 -2.03 9.75
(5.885)*** (2.612) (5.924) (4.254) (5.733)*** (2.448)*** (13.003) (4.875)** (3.709) (15.496)
public -19.86 -65.18 0.40 -18.26 -17.75 -10.21 9.92 -18.28 -24.62 41.30
(5.087)* (4.861)* (4.918) (5.810)* (8.043)** (4.170)** (49.118) (7.035)* (5.493)* (42.045)
STRATIO -0.01 -0.22 -1.54 -0.85 0.89 -0.24 0.65 -1.33 0.82 -0.60
(0.065) (0.076)* (0.223)* (0.172)* (0.377)** (0.026)* (0.538) (0.254)* (0.187)* (0.142)*
SCMATEDU 10.05 2.94 4.76 6.27 5.41 3.34 14.45 7.99 3.56 14.62
(2.013)* (1.322)** (1.585)* (1.802)* (1.751)* (1.098)* (4.004)* (1.868)* (1.103)* (2.790)*
autonomy -4.40 2.37 1.88 7.09 -16.71 5.62 3.62 8.77 3.39 -4.34
(3.710) (2.235) (3.600) (3.192)** (4.283)* (1.865)* (7.572) (3.751)** (2.281) (8.751)
SCHSIZE 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 -0.01 0.03
(0.004)*** (0.002) (0.002)* (0.001)* (0.004) (0.000) (0.016) (0.003)* (0.002)** (0.007)*
Observations 1 994 10 976 3 194 5 866 3 403 27 172 1 903 4 686 3 981 1 660
Source: Prepared by the authors, on the basis of data from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
on PISA 2009 test.
Note: * significant at 1%, ** significant at 5%, *** significant at 10%. Robust standard deviations in parentheses.
Estimation of factors conditioning the acquisition of academic skills in Latin America in the presence of endogeneity