From the Diet of Worms to the Augsburg Confession - James Aitken Wylie

the thirteenth century. According to this tenet, the
body and blood of Christ are really and corporeally
present in the elements, but the substance of the
bread and wine also remains.
Luther held that in, under, or along with the
elements was Christ's very body; so that, after
consecration, the bread was both bread and the
flesh of Christ, and the wine both wine and the
blood of Christ. He defended his belief by a literal
interpretation of the words of institution, "This is
my body." "I have undergone many hard
struggles," we find him saying, "and would fain
have forced myself into believing a doctrine
whereby I could have struck a mighty blow at the
Papacy. But the text of Scripture is too potent for
me; I am a captive to it, and cannot get away."
Carlstadt refused to bow to the authority of the
great doctor on this point. He agreed with the
Luther of 1520, not with the Luther of 1524.
Carlstadt held that there was no corporeal presence
of Christ in the elements; that the consecration
effects no change upon the bread and wine; that the
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