From the Diet of Worms to the Augsburg Confession - James Aitken Wylie

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Setting sail from Spain, and coasting along on the waters of the Mediterranean, the imperial fleet cast anchor in the Bay of Genoa. The youthful emperor gazed, doubtless, with admiration and delight on the city of the Dorias, whose superb palaces, spread out in concentric rows on the face of the mountains, embosomed in orange and oleander groves, rise from the blue sea to the summit of the craggy and embattled Apennines. The Italians, on the other hand, trembled at the approach of their new master, whose picture, as drawn by their imaginations, resembled those Gothic conquerors who in former times had sacked the cities and trampled into the dust the fertility of Italy. Their fears were dispelled, however, when on stepping ashore they beheld in Charles not all irate and ferocious conqueror, come to chastise them for their revolt, but a pale-faced prince, of winning address and gentle manners, followed by a train of nobles in the gay costume of Spain, and, like their master, courteous and condescending. This amiable young man, who arrived among the Italians in smiles, could frown sternly enough on occasion, as 340
the Protestant deputies, who were at this moment on their way to meet him, were destined to experience. The Reformed princes, who gave in the famous protest to the Diet of Spires (1529), followed up their act by an appeal to the emperor. The ArchDuke Ferdinand, the president of the Diet, stormed and left the assembly, but the protesters appealed to a General Council and to posterity. Their ambassadors were now on their way to lay the great Protest before Charles. Three burgesses, marked rather by their weight of character than by their eminence of position, had been selected for this mission. Their names were–John Ehinger, Burgomaster of Memmingen; Michael Caden, Syndic of Nuremberg; and Alexis Frauentrat, secretary to the Margrave of Brandenburg. Their mission was deemed a somewhat dangerous one, and before their departure a pension was secured to their widows in case of misfortune. They met the emperor at Piacenza, for so far had he got on his way to meet the Pope at Bologna, to which city Clement had retired, to benefit, it may be, after his 341
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FROM THE DIET OF WORMS TO THE AUGSB
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forces of superstition and despotis
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prepared for that voice. All meaner
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defense? The very passions that war
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Zurich never moved a step till he h
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feel his insignificance in the pres
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eing driven out of Lombardy. And no
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Eschewing all show, he occupied him
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one Reformation by originating anot
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cultivated valleys spread out benea
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translating also the Old Testament
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Bible?-a meteor which would have sh
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inkstand, Luther hurled it at the u
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court of the elector was troubled,
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"little sallow tawny man" who excel
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stood neglected on their pedestals,
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And what did he put in the room of
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many of the youth of the University
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At Worms was the crisis of the Refo
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cardinal doctrines of revelation-th
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of heart, faith, charity, not at al
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Worms. The whole of Christendom was
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was finished. When at last, by dint
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princes. The Augustine convents sen
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"The impulse which the Reformation
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Adrian VI., when he cast his eyes o
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the preachers by his own authority,
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eginning his own reform, he demande
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long silently groaned under, but th
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y the devotion of the martyr. It wa
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Adrian of Rome, too, lived to hear
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the pilot proves his skill," says R
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painful mission when all others had
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proscribed in all the States of the
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in the retrospect like goodly twin
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ecclesiastical reforms, was to do a
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nought, and the excommunicated doct
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To Spires all eyes are now turned,
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pleasant residence, and often drew
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population of 70,000. This, in our
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A more precious possession still th
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social renovation. Nuremberg, which
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treasure and pouring out their bloo
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did, the trade of the one, and refi
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and married. The Reformation breaki
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gardens are still redolent of the M
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forming thus two divisions which lo
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and mirth burst out and overflowed
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display. Let us visit the dungeons
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he rested grazed the vertebrae of h
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The unhappy man when suspended in t
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Chapter 6 The Ratisbon League and R
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The success of the princes friendly
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July, to forbid the printing of Lut
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vigor the measures of Campeggio. Cl
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Reformation was developing peaceful
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To their amazement he made a bolder
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exclaimed Luther, on being told of
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approaching. On coming nearer, they
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Protestantism was the head of the h
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In the rear of the princes, and in
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the Word and the Sacraments, and, i
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necromantic influence in all its ob
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the thirteenth century. According t
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One passage at arms we must however
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was seated at dinner with the pasto
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which Melchior Adam has enunciated,
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yet able fully to occupy it. "I hav
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All was peace in the chamber where
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Chapter 8 War of the Peasants THE s
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towns were making rapid strides in
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It was at this hour that the Reform
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misinterpreted, into the democratic
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imagine him under some temptation t
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must exercise Christian submission,
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preceded by the tricolor-red, black
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Bavaria, and Wurtemberg as far as t
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discovered after the battle, hid in
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was long enough to permit him to ru
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that instant powerless. It lacked a
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Chapter 9 The Battle of Pavia and i
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kept them at almost perpetual feud.
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again to draw it back. The winter o
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all kings and princes might meet, i
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prosecuting the battle of the Papac
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While dreadful fulminations were co
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acceptable. Wenceslaus Link, of Nur
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ecame the faithful companion and he
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disappointed. Just as the tempest s
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monarch, while he swayed his scepte
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it adjourned to midsummer next year
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ank and challenge influence, must d
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helped too to make the popular tide
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spot he too would be of this mind-b
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practice of virtue as to the habit
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Chapter 11 The Sack of Rome WHAT we
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Charles to abolish no law, change n
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now in arms against the man who but
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was necessary there should be a law
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"Holy Father," who, contrary to all
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general carried with him a great ir
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contrivances innumerable. But the h
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"had Pontiff been proclaimed with s
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which centuries were needed to brin
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The way was prepared for the erecti
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the earth. On these old foundations
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their own pleasure-simply self-appo
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In providing for her order, the Chu
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and that if Zwingli, who had more s
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pulpit from which they preached the
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treachery. Luther would have gone f
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others placed themselves in the lis
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the chivalrous and resolute landgra
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on the infallibility of the Church.
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ut all believers, are to be built a
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different one was introduced. Who g
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The Church constitution of Hesse is
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its doctrines. It was the purity of
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he had been a monk himself. Nuns, i
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instructed to administer the Sacram
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marriage, in the majority of instan
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have believed, unless he had had pe
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Commandments, the Creed, the Lord's
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Chapter 14 Politics and Prodigies W
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heavens were contending in all thei
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aspirations of the Renaissance, for
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possible. He would convoke a Diet:
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While so many real dangers disturbe
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themselves they agreed to equip a f
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aptism and the Lord's Supper; that
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In the piles of these martyrs we he
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then followed the ecclesiastical el
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suspended legally the execution of
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introduced into Germany. A central
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providing for the maintenance of th
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subjugated its last acre? and that
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the validity nor from the moral gra
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neither consent nor adhere in any m
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an appeal. In that document they re
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man to believe whatever she teaches
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Chapter 16 Conference at Marburg TH
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Philip rush forward. We see in the
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Rome; they had said as a body what
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all the scattered forces of the Gos
Page 289 and 290: hand, willing to risk life rather t
Page 291 and 292: een intimate with Luther, and had n
Page 293 and 294: piece of chalk, and proceeding to t
Page 295 and 296: the upper chamber. This cannot be;
Page 297 and 298: they again repaired to the public h
Page 299 and 300: we have Christ's authority in the s
Page 301 and 302: and point to the words "This is my
Page 303 and 304: "away with these mathematical novel
Page 305 and 306: of Mary." To all arguments and proo
Page 307 and 308: Luther; "Christ's words suffice for
Page 309 and 310: each go unhealed? It must. On the 1
Page 311 and 312: thousands. It had now reached the c
Page 313 and 314: elieve? Are not these strong bonds?
Page 315 and 316: This magnanimous avowal was not wit
Page 317 and 318: speaking his last word, he said, "W
Page 319 and 320: sectarianism again opened it. Luthe
Page 321 and 322: corresponding to the set of foes on
Page 323 and 324: Chapter 18 The Emperor, the Turk, a
Page 325 and 326: The Italians at the same moment bec
Page 327 and 328: firmament. Now it is from the regio
Page 329 and 330: threatened the Protestant Church. T
Page 331 and 332: Turk was at their hearths, and as n
Page 333 and 334: some whose gratitude was not so liv
Page 335 and 336: eye, and awaken the admiration of t
Page 337 and 338: not the least useful, of all the wo
Page 339: flattering hope that now he was on
Page 343 and 344: of that edict by the Diet of 1529;
Page 345 and 346: servants to go abroad, under pain o
Page 347 and 348: liberty, coming after, enter at the
Page 349 and 350: of Germany. 349
Page 351 and 352: epresentatives from the cities of S
Page 353 and 354: character, was not understood. All
Page 355 and 356: pictured the spiritual force ebbing
Page 357 and 358: without endorsing the judgment of t
Page 359 and 360: together alone when deep sleep rest
Page 361 and 362: discovered by the historian Ranke a
Page 363 and 364: own, and so tended to obscure the g
Page 365 and 366: not serve our turn; let us resort t
Page 367 and 368: over their heads, suspended by a si
Page 369 and 370: piazza, amid the debris of the stru
Page 371 and 372: and smite the enemies of the Church
Page 373 and 374: Chapter 20 Preparations for the Aug
Page 375 and 376: out of Charles's path that might pr
Page 377 and 378: He essayed a second time to extingu
Page 379 and 380: the will of One whom he saw guiding
Page 381 and 382: with arms?" asked the Protestant pr
Page 383 and 384: anxious thoughts. They were going t
Page 385 and 386: the deliberations, bringing with th
Page 387 and 388: Wittenberg movement, by soft measur
Page 389 and 390: hung the anathema of the Pope and t
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of notice that the first suggestion
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Christ our Lord help that it bear m
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emperor will journey as his many we
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nothing else but the sophists and P
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een the case from an early hour in
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earing the naked imperial sword, an
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nearly threw him headlong upon the
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The emperor's entry into Augsburg t
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the action to the words, he struck
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conscience." And they fortified the
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came to speak of the "new religion"
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Chapter 22 Luther in the Coburg and
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Empire would have been transferred
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It was well known how many places h
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down, and wrote to Wittenberg for h
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Prince of Darkness had brought all
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standing or its falling? As well mi
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character, and, what was infinitely
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Ferdinand? is it the Pope? is it th
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Protestants met in the apartments o
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priesthood. This was not a body Cat
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two hundred persons. It was seen th
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new Diet gave it a new triumph? Whe
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incorporeal, indivisible, infinite
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Article 7. confessed the CHURCH, "w
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civil justice, and the sphere of ho
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We have said that under the Fourth
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the sword. "We, therefore, teach th
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anything contrary to the canonical
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cause of the Reformation! The error
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Chapter 24 After the Diet of Augsbu
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hardly conceivable, were to apostat
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ehold the pulpit set up in the Diet
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It was the morning of the day follo
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true and obedient son," said the co
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the emperor, which he had prepared
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informed in their cause; and took t
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much to the emperor's satisfaction,
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went further; it provided for the r
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interpret Scripture. Thus they proc
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Chapter 25 Attempted Refutation of
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now gathered round him, "how shall
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Some of the lay princes were the mo
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Cochlaeus, Jonas ranks in this clas
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Duke of Bavaria, addressing Eck, "c
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on grounds peculiar to himself. He
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We are compelled to ask, when we se
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Father: therefore am I certain that
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the Coburg, or rather the God-man a
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intended to fortify. It did not imp
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message was brought to him that som
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with which to extinguish it. He esp
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offers-loftier titles, larger terri
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that concerned the salvation of the
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to the old yoke of the Seven Hills,
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discipline and government of the Ch
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hung so heavily above his friends i
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his colleagues, and the work on whi
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deliverance came from another quart
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Chapter 27 A Retrospect from 1517 t
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speaking to them out of the darknes
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they have bowed to the authority of
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indeed his imagery would appear to
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to the movement as the Reformer him
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evoked the famous Protest of the Lu
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spirit of the age; his battles are
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on the 25th of June, 1530, the crow
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anything of the kind that Greece an
Page 527 and 528:
splendor and crime, followed each o
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frames its law and policy according
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that there is a God, and that the B
show all

From the Diet of Worms to the Augsburg Confession - James Aitken Wylie

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