From the Diet of Worms to the Augsburg Confession - James Aitken Wylie

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liberty. He corresponded with the King of England, who favored the project; with Venice, with Milan, with the Republic of Florence. And all these parties, moved by fear of the overgrown power of the emperor, were willing to enter into a league with the Pope against Charles V. This, known as the "Holy League," was subscribed at Cognac, and the King of England was put at the head of it. Thus suddenly did the change come. Blind to everything beyond his immediate object–to the risks of war, to the power of his opponent, and to the diversion he was creating in favor of Wittenberg–the Pope, without loss of time, sent his army into the Duchy of Milan, to begin operations against the Spaniards. While hostilities are pending in the north of Italy, let us turn our eyes to Germany. The Diet, which, as we have already said, had been summoned by Charles to meet at Augsburg, was at this moment assembled at Spires It had met at Augsburg, agreeably to the imperial command, in November, 1525, but it was so thinly attended that 180
it adjourned to midsummer next year, to be held at Spires, where we now find it. It had been convoked in order to lay the train for the execution of the Edict of Worms, and the suppression of Protestantism. But between the issuing of the summons and meeting of the assembly the politics of Europe had entirely changed. When the emperor's edict passed out of the gates of the Alcazar of Toledo the wind was setting full toward the Vatican, the Pope was the emperor's staunchest ally, and was preparing to place the imperial crown on his head; but since then the wind had suddenly veered round toward the opposite quarter, and Charles must turn with it–he must play off Luther against Clement. This complete reversal of the political situation was as yet unknown in Germany, or but vaguely surmised. The Diet assembled at Spires on the. 25th of June, 1526, and all the electoral princes were present, except the Prince of Brandenburg. The Reformed princes were in strong muster, and in high spirits. The fulminations from Spain had not terrified them. Their courage might be read in the 181
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FROM THE DIET OF WORMS TO THE AUGSB
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forces of superstition and despotis
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prepared for that voice. All meaner
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defense? The very passions that war
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Zurich never moved a step till he h
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feel his insignificance in the pres
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eing driven out of Lombardy. And no
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Eschewing all show, he occupied him
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one Reformation by originating anot
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cultivated valleys spread out benea
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translating also the Old Testament
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Bible?-a meteor which would have sh
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inkstand, Luther hurled it at the u
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court of the elector was troubled,
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"little sallow tawny man" who excel
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stood neglected on their pedestals,
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And what did he put in the room of
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many of the youth of the University
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At Worms was the crisis of the Refo
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cardinal doctrines of revelation-th
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of heart, faith, charity, not at al
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Worms. The whole of Christendom was
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was finished. When at last, by dint
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princes. The Augustine convents sen
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"The impulse which the Reformation
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Adrian VI., when he cast his eyes o
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the preachers by his own authority,
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eginning his own reform, he demande
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long silently groaned under, but th
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y the devotion of the martyr. It wa
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Adrian of Rome, too, lived to hear
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the pilot proves his skill," says R
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painful mission when all others had
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proscribed in all the States of the
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in the retrospect like goodly twin
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ecclesiastical reforms, was to do a
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nought, and the excommunicated doct
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To Spires all eyes are now turned,
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pleasant residence, and often drew
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population of 70,000. This, in our
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A more precious possession still th
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social renovation. Nuremberg, which
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treasure and pouring out their bloo
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did, the trade of the one, and refi
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and married. The Reformation breaki
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gardens are still redolent of the M
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forming thus two divisions which lo
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and mirth burst out and overflowed
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display. Let us visit the dungeons
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he rested grazed the vertebrae of h
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The unhappy man when suspended in t
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Chapter 6 The Ratisbon League and R
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The success of the princes friendly
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July, to forbid the printing of Lut
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vigor the measures of Campeggio. Cl
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Reformation was developing peaceful
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To their amazement he made a bolder
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exclaimed Luther, on being told of
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approaching. On coming nearer, they
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Protestantism was the head of the h
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In the rear of the princes, and in
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the Word and the Sacraments, and, i
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necromantic influence in all its ob
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the thirteenth century. According t
Page 129 and 130: One passage at arms we must however
Page 131 and 132: was seated at dinner with the pasto
Page 133 and 134: which Melchior Adam has enunciated,
Page 135 and 136: yet able fully to occupy it. "I hav
Page 137 and 138: All was peace in the chamber where
Page 139 and 140: Chapter 8 War of the Peasants THE s
Page 141 and 142: towns were making rapid strides in
Page 143 and 144: It was at this hour that the Reform
Page 145 and 146: misinterpreted, into the democratic
Page 147 and 148: imagine him under some temptation t
Page 149 and 150: must exercise Christian submission,
Page 151 and 152: preceded by the tricolor-red, black
Page 153 and 154: Bavaria, and Wurtemberg as far as t
Page 155 and 156: discovered after the battle, hid in
Page 157 and 158: was long enough to permit him to ru
Page 159 and 160: that instant powerless. It lacked a
Page 161 and 162: Chapter 9 The Battle of Pavia and i
Page 163 and 164: kept them at almost perpetual feud.
Page 165 and 166: again to draw it back. The winter o
Page 167 and 168: all kings and princes might meet, i
Page 169 and 170: prosecuting the battle of the Papac
Page 171 and 172: While dreadful fulminations were co
Page 173 and 174: acceptable. Wenceslaus Link, of Nur
Page 175 and 176: ecame the faithful companion and he
Page 177 and 178: disappointed. Just as the tempest s
Page 179: monarch, while he swayed his scepte
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Page 185 and 186: helped too to make the popular tide
Page 187 and 188: spot he too would be of this mind-b
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Page 191 and 192: Chapter 11 The Sack of Rome WHAT we
Page 193 and 194: Charles to abolish no law, change n
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Page 197 and 198: was necessary there should be a law
Page 199 and 200: "Holy Father," who, contrary to all
Page 201 and 202: general carried with him a great ir
Page 203 and 204: contrivances innumerable. But the h
Page 205 and 206: "had Pontiff been proclaimed with s
Page 207 and 208: which centuries were needed to brin
Page 209 and 210: The way was prepared for the erecti
Page 211 and 212: the earth. On these old foundations
Page 213 and 214: their own pleasure-simply self-appo
Page 215 and 216: In providing for her order, the Chu
Page 217 and 218: and that if Zwingli, who had more s
Page 219 and 220: pulpit from which they preached the
Page 221 and 222: treachery. Luther would have gone f
Page 223 and 224: others placed themselves in the lis
Page 225 and 226: the chivalrous and resolute landgra
Page 227 and 228: on the infallibility of the Church.
Page 229 and 230: ut all believers, are to be built a
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different one was introduced. Who g
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The Church constitution of Hesse is
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its doctrines. It was the purity of
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he had been a monk himself. Nuns, i
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instructed to administer the Sacram
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marriage, in the majority of instan
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have believed, unless he had had pe
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Commandments, the Creed, the Lord's
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Chapter 14 Politics and Prodigies W
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heavens were contending in all thei
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aspirations of the Renaissance, for
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possible. He would convoke a Diet:
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While so many real dangers disturbe
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themselves they agreed to equip a f
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aptism and the Lord's Supper; that
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In the piles of these martyrs we he
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then followed the ecclesiastical el
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suspended legally the execution of
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introduced into Germany. A central
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providing for the maintenance of th
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subjugated its last acre? and that
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the validity nor from the moral gra
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neither consent nor adhere in any m
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an appeal. In that document they re
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man to believe whatever she teaches
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Chapter 16 Conference at Marburg TH
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Philip rush forward. We see in the
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Rome; they had said as a body what
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all the scattered forces of the Gos
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hand, willing to risk life rather t
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een intimate with Luther, and had n
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piece of chalk, and proceeding to t
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the upper chamber. This cannot be;
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they again repaired to the public h
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we have Christ's authority in the s
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and point to the words "This is my
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"away with these mathematical novel
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of Mary." To all arguments and proo
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Luther; "Christ's words suffice for
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each go unhealed? It must. On the 1
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thousands. It had now reached the c
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elieve? Are not these strong bonds?
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This magnanimous avowal was not wit
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speaking his last word, he said, "W
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sectarianism again opened it. Luthe
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corresponding to the set of foes on
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Chapter 18 The Emperor, the Turk, a
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The Italians at the same moment bec
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firmament. Now it is from the regio
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threatened the Protestant Church. T
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Turk was at their hearths, and as n
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some whose gratitude was not so liv
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eye, and awaken the admiration of t
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not the least useful, of all the wo
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flattering hope that now he was on
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the Protestant deputies, who were a
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of that edict by the Diet of 1529;
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servants to go abroad, under pain o
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liberty, coming after, enter at the
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of Germany. 349
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epresentatives from the cities of S
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character, was not understood. All
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pictured the spiritual force ebbing
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without endorsing the judgment of t
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together alone when deep sleep rest
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discovered by the historian Ranke a
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own, and so tended to obscure the g
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not serve our turn; let us resort t
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over their heads, suspended by a si
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piazza, amid the debris of the stru
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and smite the enemies of the Church
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Chapter 20 Preparations for the Aug
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out of Charles's path that might pr
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He essayed a second time to extingu
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the will of One whom he saw guiding
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with arms?" asked the Protestant pr
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anxious thoughts. They were going t
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the deliberations, bringing with th
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Wittenberg movement, by soft measur
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hung the anathema of the Pope and t
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of notice that the first suggestion
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Christ our Lord help that it bear m
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emperor will journey as his many we
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nothing else but the sophists and P
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een the case from an early hour in
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earing the naked imperial sword, an
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nearly threw him headlong upon the
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The emperor's entry into Augsburg t
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the action to the words, he struck
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conscience." And they fortified the
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came to speak of the "new religion"
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Chapter 22 Luther in the Coburg and
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Empire would have been transferred
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It was well known how many places h
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down, and wrote to Wittenberg for h
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Prince of Darkness had brought all
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standing or its falling? As well mi
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character, and, what was infinitely
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Ferdinand? is it the Pope? is it th
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Protestants met in the apartments o
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priesthood. This was not a body Cat
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two hundred persons. It was seen th
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new Diet gave it a new triumph? Whe
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incorporeal, indivisible, infinite
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Article 7. confessed the CHURCH, "w
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civil justice, and the sphere of ho
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We have said that under the Fourth
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the sword. "We, therefore, teach th
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anything contrary to the canonical
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cause of the Reformation! The error
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Chapter 24 After the Diet of Augsbu
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hardly conceivable, were to apostat
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ehold the pulpit set up in the Diet
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It was the morning of the day follo
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true and obedient son," said the co
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the emperor, which he had prepared
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informed in their cause; and took t
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much to the emperor's satisfaction,
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went further; it provided for the r
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interpret Scripture. Thus they proc
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Chapter 25 Attempted Refutation of
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now gathered round him, "how shall
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Some of the lay princes were the mo
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Cochlaeus, Jonas ranks in this clas
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Duke of Bavaria, addressing Eck, "c
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on grounds peculiar to himself. He
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We are compelled to ask, when we se
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Father: therefore am I certain that
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the Coburg, or rather the God-man a
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intended to fortify. It did not imp
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message was brought to him that som
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with which to extinguish it. He esp
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offers-loftier titles, larger terri
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that concerned the salvation of the
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to the old yoke of the Seven Hills,
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discipline and government of the Ch
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hung so heavily above his friends i
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his colleagues, and the work on whi
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deliverance came from another quart
Page 509 and 510:
Chapter 27 A Retrospect from 1517 t
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speaking to them out of the darknes
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they have bowed to the authority of
Page 515 and 516:
indeed his imagery would appear to
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to the movement as the Reformer him
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evoked the famous Protest of the Lu
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spirit of the age; his battles are
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on the 25th of June, 1530, the crow
Page 525 and 526:
anything of the kind that Greece an
Page 527 and 528:
splendor and crime, followed each o
Page 529 and 530:
frames its law and policy according
Page 531:
that there is a God, and that the B
show all

From the Diet of Worms to the Augsburg Confession - James Aitken Wylie

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