From the Diet of Worms to the Augsburg Confession - James Aitken Wylie

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Several battles were fought, towns and fortresses were besieged; the peasantry contended with a furious bravery, knowing that they must conquer or endure a terrible revenge; but the arms of the princes triumphed. The campaign of this summer sufficed to suppress this formidable insurrection; but a terrible retaliation did the victors inflict upon the fanaticised hordes. They slaughtered them by tens of thousands on the battle-field; they cut them down as they fled; and not unfrequently did they dispatch in cold blood those who had surrendered on promise of pardon. The lowest estimate of the number that perished is 50,000, other accounts raise it to 100,000. When we consider the wide area over which the insurrection extended, and the carnage with which it was suppressed, we shall probably be of opinion that the latter estimate is nearer the truth. A memorable vengeance was inflicted on Weinsberg, the scene of the death of Count Helfenstein. His murderers were apprehended and executed. The death of one of them was singularly tragic. He was tied to the stake with a chain, that 156
was long enough to permit him to run about. Trusches and other persons of quality then fetched wood, and, strewing it all about, they kindled it into a cruel blaze. As the wretched man bounded wildly round and round amid the blazing faggots, the princes stood by and made sport of his tortures. The town itself was burned to the ground. Munzer, the eclesiastical leader, who had fired the peasantry by harangues, by portents, by assurances that their enemies would be miraculously destroyed, and by undertaking "to catch all the bullets in his sleeve," after witnessing the failure of his enterprise, was taken and decapitated. Prior to execution he was taken before George, Duke of Saxony, and Landgrave Philip. On being asked why he had misled so many poor people to their ruin, he replied that "he had done only his duty." The landgrave was at pains to show him that sedition and rebellion are forbidden in the Scriptures, and that Christians are not at liberty to avenge their wrongs by their own private authority. To this he was silent. On the rack he shrieked and laughed by turns; but when about to die he openly acknowledged his error and crimes. By way of 157
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FROM THE DIET OF WORMS TO THE AUGSB
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forces of superstition and despotis
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prepared for that voice. All meaner
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defense? The very passions that war
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Zurich never moved a step till he h
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feel his insignificance in the pres
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eing driven out of Lombardy. And no
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Eschewing all show, he occupied him
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one Reformation by originating anot
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cultivated valleys spread out benea
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translating also the Old Testament
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Bible?-a meteor which would have sh
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inkstand, Luther hurled it at the u
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court of the elector was troubled,
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"little sallow tawny man" who excel
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stood neglected on their pedestals,
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And what did he put in the room of
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many of the youth of the University
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At Worms was the crisis of the Refo
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cardinal doctrines of revelation-th
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of heart, faith, charity, not at al
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Worms. The whole of Christendom was
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was finished. When at last, by dint
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princes. The Augustine convents sen
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"The impulse which the Reformation
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Adrian VI., when he cast his eyes o
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the preachers by his own authority,
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eginning his own reform, he demande
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long silently groaned under, but th
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y the devotion of the martyr. It wa
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Adrian of Rome, too, lived to hear
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the pilot proves his skill," says R
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painful mission when all others had
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proscribed in all the States of the
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in the retrospect like goodly twin
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ecclesiastical reforms, was to do a
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nought, and the excommunicated doct
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To Spires all eyes are now turned,
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pleasant residence, and often drew
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population of 70,000. This, in our
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A more precious possession still th
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social renovation. Nuremberg, which
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treasure and pouring out their bloo
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did, the trade of the one, and refi
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and married. The Reformation breaki
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gardens are still redolent of the M
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forming thus two divisions which lo
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and mirth burst out and overflowed
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display. Let us visit the dungeons
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he rested grazed the vertebrae of h
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The unhappy man when suspended in t
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Chapter 6 The Ratisbon League and R
Page 105 and 106: The success of the princes friendly
Page 107 and 108: July, to forbid the printing of Lut
Page 109 and 110: vigor the measures of Campeggio. Cl
Page 111 and 112: Reformation was developing peaceful
Page 113 and 114: To their amazement he made a bolder
Page 115 and 116: exclaimed Luther, on being told of
Page 117 and 118: approaching. On coming nearer, they
Page 119 and 120: Protestantism was the head of the h
Page 121 and 122: In the rear of the princes, and in
Page 123 and 124: the Word and the Sacraments, and, i
Page 125 and 126: necromantic influence in all its ob
Page 127 and 128: the thirteenth century. According t
Page 129 and 130: One passage at arms we must however
Page 131 and 132: was seated at dinner with the pasto
Page 133 and 134: which Melchior Adam has enunciated,
Page 135 and 136: yet able fully to occupy it. "I hav
Page 137 and 138: All was peace in the chamber where
Page 139 and 140: Chapter 8 War of the Peasants THE s
Page 141 and 142: towns were making rapid strides in
Page 143 and 144: It was at this hour that the Reform
Page 145 and 146: misinterpreted, into the democratic
Page 147 and 148: imagine him under some temptation t
Page 149 and 150: must exercise Christian submission,
Page 151 and 152: preceded by the tricolor-red, black
Page 153 and 154: Bavaria, and Wurtemberg as far as t
Page 155: discovered after the battle, hid in
Page 159 and 160: that instant powerless. It lacked a
Page 161 and 162: Chapter 9 The Battle of Pavia and i
Page 163 and 164: kept them at almost perpetual feud.
Page 165 and 166: again to draw it back. The winter o
Page 167 and 168: all kings and princes might meet, i
Page 169 and 170: prosecuting the battle of the Papac
Page 171 and 172: While dreadful fulminations were co
Page 173 and 174: acceptable. Wenceslaus Link, of Nur
Page 175 and 176: ecame the faithful companion and he
Page 177 and 178: disappointed. Just as the tempest s
Page 179 and 180: monarch, while he swayed his scepte
Page 181 and 182: it adjourned to midsummer next year
Page 183 and 184: ank and challenge influence, must d
Page 185 and 186: helped too to make the popular tide
Page 187 and 188: spot he too would be of this mind-b
Page 189 and 190: practice of virtue as to the habit
Page 191 and 192: Chapter 11 The Sack of Rome WHAT we
Page 193 and 194: Charles to abolish no law, change n
Page 195 and 196: now in arms against the man who but
Page 197 and 198: was necessary there should be a law
Page 199 and 200: "Holy Father," who, contrary to all
Page 201 and 202: general carried with him a great ir
Page 203 and 204: contrivances innumerable. But the h
Page 205 and 206: "had Pontiff been proclaimed with s
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which centuries were needed to brin
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The way was prepared for the erecti
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the earth. On these old foundations
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their own pleasure-simply self-appo
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In providing for her order, the Chu
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and that if Zwingli, who had more s
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pulpit from which they preached the
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treachery. Luther would have gone f
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others placed themselves in the lis
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the chivalrous and resolute landgra
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on the infallibility of the Church.
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ut all believers, are to be built a
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different one was introduced. Who g
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The Church constitution of Hesse is
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its doctrines. It was the purity of
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he had been a monk himself. Nuns, i
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instructed to administer the Sacram
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marriage, in the majority of instan
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have believed, unless he had had pe
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Commandments, the Creed, the Lord's
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Chapter 14 Politics and Prodigies W
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heavens were contending in all thei
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aspirations of the Renaissance, for
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possible. He would convoke a Diet:
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While so many real dangers disturbe
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themselves they agreed to equip a f
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aptism and the Lord's Supper; that
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In the piles of these martyrs we he
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then followed the ecclesiastical el
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suspended legally the execution of
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introduced into Germany. A central
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providing for the maintenance of th
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subjugated its last acre? and that
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the validity nor from the moral gra
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neither consent nor adhere in any m
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an appeal. In that document they re
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man to believe whatever she teaches
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Chapter 16 Conference at Marburg TH
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Philip rush forward. We see in the
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Rome; they had said as a body what
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all the scattered forces of the Gos
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hand, willing to risk life rather t
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een intimate with Luther, and had n
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piece of chalk, and proceeding to t
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the upper chamber. This cannot be;
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they again repaired to the public h
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we have Christ's authority in the s
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and point to the words "This is my
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"away with these mathematical novel
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of Mary." To all arguments and proo
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Luther; "Christ's words suffice for
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each go unhealed? It must. On the 1
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thousands. It had now reached the c
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elieve? Are not these strong bonds?
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This magnanimous avowal was not wit
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speaking his last word, he said, "W
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sectarianism again opened it. Luthe
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corresponding to the set of foes on
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Chapter 18 The Emperor, the Turk, a
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The Italians at the same moment bec
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firmament. Now it is from the regio
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threatened the Protestant Church. T
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Turk was at their hearths, and as n
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some whose gratitude was not so liv
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eye, and awaken the admiration of t
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not the least useful, of all the wo
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flattering hope that now he was on
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the Protestant deputies, who were a
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of that edict by the Diet of 1529;
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servants to go abroad, under pain o
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liberty, coming after, enter at the
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of Germany. 349
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epresentatives from the cities of S
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character, was not understood. All
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pictured the spiritual force ebbing
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without endorsing the judgment of t
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together alone when deep sleep rest
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discovered by the historian Ranke a
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own, and so tended to obscure the g
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not serve our turn; let us resort t
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over their heads, suspended by a si
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piazza, amid the debris of the stru
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and smite the enemies of the Church
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Chapter 20 Preparations for the Aug
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out of Charles's path that might pr
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He essayed a second time to extingu
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the will of One whom he saw guiding
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with arms?" asked the Protestant pr
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anxious thoughts. They were going t
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the deliberations, bringing with th
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Wittenberg movement, by soft measur
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hung the anathema of the Pope and t
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of notice that the first suggestion
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Christ our Lord help that it bear m
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emperor will journey as his many we
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nothing else but the sophists and P
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een the case from an early hour in
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earing the naked imperial sword, an
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nearly threw him headlong upon the
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The emperor's entry into Augsburg t
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the action to the words, he struck
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conscience." And they fortified the
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came to speak of the "new religion"
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Chapter 22 Luther in the Coburg and
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Empire would have been transferred
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It was well known how many places h
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down, and wrote to Wittenberg for h
Page 421 and 422:
Prince of Darkness had brought all
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standing or its falling? As well mi
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character, and, what was infinitely
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Ferdinand? is it the Pope? is it th
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Protestants met in the apartments o
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priesthood. This was not a body Cat
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two hundred persons. It was seen th
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new Diet gave it a new triumph? Whe
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incorporeal, indivisible, infinite
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Article 7. confessed the CHURCH, "w
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civil justice, and the sphere of ho
Page 443 and 444:
We have said that under the Fourth
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the sword. "We, therefore, teach th
Page 447 and 448:
anything contrary to the canonical
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cause of the Reformation! The error
Page 451 and 452:
Chapter 24 After the Diet of Augsbu
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hardly conceivable, were to apostat
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ehold the pulpit set up in the Diet
Page 457 and 458:
It was the morning of the day follo
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true and obedient son," said the co
Page 461 and 462:
the emperor, which he had prepared
Page 463 and 464:
informed in their cause; and took t
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much to the emperor's satisfaction,
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went further; it provided for the r
Page 469 and 470:
interpret Scripture. Thus they proc
Page 471 and 472:
Chapter 25 Attempted Refutation of
Page 473 and 474:
now gathered round him, "how shall
Page 475 and 476:
Some of the lay princes were the mo
Page 477 and 478:
Cochlaeus, Jonas ranks in this clas
Page 479 and 480:
Duke of Bavaria, addressing Eck, "c
Page 481 and 482:
on grounds peculiar to himself. He
Page 483 and 484:
We are compelled to ask, when we se
Page 485 and 486:
Father: therefore am I certain that
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the Coburg, or rather the God-man a
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intended to fortify. It did not imp
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message was brought to him that som
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with which to extinguish it. He esp
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offers-loftier titles, larger terri
Page 497 and 498:
that concerned the salvation of the
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to the old yoke of the Seven Hills,
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discipline and government of the Ch
Page 503 and 504:
hung so heavily above his friends i
Page 505 and 506:
his colleagues, and the work on whi
Page 507 and 508:
deliverance came from another quart
Page 509 and 510:
Chapter 27 A Retrospect from 1517 t
Page 511 and 512:
speaking to them out of the darknes
Page 513 and 514:
they have bowed to the authority of
Page 515 and 516:
indeed his imagery would appear to
Page 517 and 518:
to the movement as the Reformer him
Page 519 and 520:
evoked the famous Protest of the Lu
Page 521 and 522:
spirit of the age; his battles are
Page 523 and 524:
on the 25th of June, 1530, the crow
Page 525 and 526:
anything of the kind that Greece an
Page 527 and 528:
splendor and crime, followed each o
Page 529 and 530:
frames its law and policy according
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that there is a God, and that the B
show all

From the Diet of Worms to the Augsburg Confession - James Aitken Wylie

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