From the Diet of Worms to the Augsburg Confession - James Aitken Wylie

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to bring over the Elector John and the other Protestant princes? We have seen the emperor dismiss the representatives of the Protestant cities with an injunction to take counsel and bring him word how they meant to act in the matter of the Decree of Spires, and whether they were prepared to abandon their Protest of 1529. Scarcely have they left his presence when he summons a council of the Popish members of the Diet. They have been called together to give advice respecting another matter that claims urgent attention from the emperor. The Confession of the Protestant princes is lying on his table; what is to be done with it? Lutheranism is not at Wittenberg only: it is here, in the Palatinate Palace of Augburg, protesting with eloquent voice against the tyranny that would suppress it, crying aloud before the Diet, as by-and-by, if not silenced, it will cry before all Christendom, that Rome has corrupted the faith, and is become apostate. "What shall we do?" asked the emperor, of the princes and bishops 472
now gathered round him, "how shall we dispose of this document?" The emperor's interrogatory was the signal for the expression of a number of contrary opinions. It was not wise guidance, but distraction and embarrassment, that Charles found in the multitude of his counsellors. There were three distinct parties in the body around him. "We shall not," said one party," chop logic with our opponents; while we are entangled in a theological labyrinth, they may escape. We have but one course to pursue, namely, to execute the Edict of Worms." Another party, better acquainted with the secret wishes of Charles, said, "Let us refer the matter to the decision of the emperor." There came yet a third, formed of those who were somewhat vain of their traditional lore, and not unwilling to show it. "Let a few doctors," said they, "be appointed to write a Refutation of the Lutheran Confession, which may be read to the princes, and ratified by the emperor." It was not the bishops who urged the emperor to extreme and violent courses. They rather, on the 473
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FROM THE DIET OF WORMS TO THE AUGSB
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forces of superstition and despotis
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prepared for that voice. All meaner
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defense? The very passions that war
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Zurich never moved a step till he h
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feel his insignificance in the pres
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eing driven out of Lombardy. And no
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Eschewing all show, he occupied him
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one Reformation by originating anot
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cultivated valleys spread out benea
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translating also the Old Testament
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Bible?-a meteor which would have sh
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inkstand, Luther hurled it at the u
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court of the elector was troubled,
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"little sallow tawny man" who excel
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stood neglected on their pedestals,
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And what did he put in the room of
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many of the youth of the University
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At Worms was the crisis of the Refo
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cardinal doctrines of revelation-th
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of heart, faith, charity, not at al
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Worms. The whole of Christendom was
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was finished. When at last, by dint
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princes. The Augustine convents sen
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"The impulse which the Reformation
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Adrian VI., when he cast his eyes o
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the preachers by his own authority,
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eginning his own reform, he demande
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long silently groaned under, but th
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y the devotion of the martyr. It wa
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Adrian of Rome, too, lived to hear
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the pilot proves his skill," says R
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painful mission when all others had
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proscribed in all the States of the
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in the retrospect like goodly twin
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ecclesiastical reforms, was to do a
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nought, and the excommunicated doct
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To Spires all eyes are now turned,
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pleasant residence, and often drew
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population of 70,000. This, in our
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A more precious possession still th
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social renovation. Nuremberg, which
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treasure and pouring out their bloo
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did, the trade of the one, and refi
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and married. The Reformation breaki
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gardens are still redolent of the M
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forming thus two divisions which lo
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and mirth burst out and overflowed
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display. Let us visit the dungeons
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he rested grazed the vertebrae of h
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The unhappy man when suspended in t
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Chapter 6 The Ratisbon League and R
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The success of the princes friendly
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July, to forbid the printing of Lut
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vigor the measures of Campeggio. Cl
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Reformation was developing peaceful
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To their amazement he made a bolder
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exclaimed Luther, on being told of
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approaching. On coming nearer, they
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Protestantism was the head of the h
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In the rear of the princes, and in
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the Word and the Sacraments, and, i
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necromantic influence in all its ob
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the thirteenth century. According t
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One passage at arms we must however
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was seated at dinner with the pasto
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which Melchior Adam has enunciated,
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yet able fully to occupy it. "I hav
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All was peace in the chamber where
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Chapter 8 War of the Peasants THE s
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towns were making rapid strides in
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It was at this hour that the Reform
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misinterpreted, into the democratic
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imagine him under some temptation t
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must exercise Christian submission,
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preceded by the tricolor-red, black
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Bavaria, and Wurtemberg as far as t
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discovered after the battle, hid in
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was long enough to permit him to ru
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that instant powerless. It lacked a
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Chapter 9 The Battle of Pavia and i
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kept them at almost perpetual feud.
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again to draw it back. The winter o
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all kings and princes might meet, i
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prosecuting the battle of the Papac
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While dreadful fulminations were co
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acceptable. Wenceslaus Link, of Nur
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ecame the faithful companion and he
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disappointed. Just as the tempest s
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monarch, while he swayed his scepte
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it adjourned to midsummer next year
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ank and challenge influence, must d
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helped too to make the popular tide
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spot he too would be of this mind-b
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practice of virtue as to the habit
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Chapter 11 The Sack of Rome WHAT we
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Charles to abolish no law, change n
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now in arms against the man who but
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was necessary there should be a law
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"Holy Father," who, contrary to all
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general carried with him a great ir
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contrivances innumerable. But the h
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"had Pontiff been proclaimed with s
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which centuries were needed to brin
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The way was prepared for the erecti
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the earth. On these old foundations
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their own pleasure-simply self-appo
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In providing for her order, the Chu
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and that if Zwingli, who had more s
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pulpit from which they preached the
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treachery. Luther would have gone f
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others placed themselves in the lis
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the chivalrous and resolute landgra
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on the infallibility of the Church.
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ut all believers, are to be built a
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different one was introduced. Who g
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The Church constitution of Hesse is
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its doctrines. It was the purity of
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he had been a monk himself. Nuns, i
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instructed to administer the Sacram
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marriage, in the majority of instan
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have believed, unless he had had pe
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Commandments, the Creed, the Lord's
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Chapter 14 Politics and Prodigies W
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heavens were contending in all thei
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aspirations of the Renaissance, for
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possible. He would convoke a Diet:
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While so many real dangers disturbe
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themselves they agreed to equip a f
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aptism and the Lord's Supper; that
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In the piles of these martyrs we he
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then followed the ecclesiastical el
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suspended legally the execution of
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introduced into Germany. A central
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providing for the maintenance of th
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subjugated its last acre? and that
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the validity nor from the moral gra
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neither consent nor adhere in any m
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an appeal. In that document they re
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man to believe whatever she teaches
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Chapter 16 Conference at Marburg TH
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Philip rush forward. We see in the
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Rome; they had said as a body what
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all the scattered forces of the Gos
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hand, willing to risk life rather t
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een intimate with Luther, and had n
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piece of chalk, and proceeding to t
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the upper chamber. This cannot be;
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they again repaired to the public h
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we have Christ's authority in the s
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and point to the words "This is my
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"away with these mathematical novel
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of Mary." To all arguments and proo
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Luther; "Christ's words suffice for
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each go unhealed? It must. On the 1
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thousands. It had now reached the c
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elieve? Are not these strong bonds?
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This magnanimous avowal was not wit
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speaking his last word, he said, "W
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sectarianism again opened it. Luthe
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corresponding to the set of foes on
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Chapter 18 The Emperor, the Turk, a
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The Italians at the same moment bec
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firmament. Now it is from the regio
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threatened the Protestant Church. T
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Turk was at their hearths, and as n
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some whose gratitude was not so liv
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eye, and awaken the admiration of t
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not the least useful, of all the wo
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flattering hope that now he was on
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the Protestant deputies, who were a
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of that edict by the Diet of 1529;
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servants to go abroad, under pain o
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liberty, coming after, enter at the
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of Germany. 349
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epresentatives from the cities of S
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character, was not understood. All
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pictured the spiritual force ebbing
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without endorsing the judgment of t
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together alone when deep sleep rest
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discovered by the historian Ranke a
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own, and so tended to obscure the g
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not serve our turn; let us resort t
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over their heads, suspended by a si
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piazza, amid the debris of the stru
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and smite the enemies of the Church
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Chapter 20 Preparations for the Aug
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out of Charles's path that might pr
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He essayed a second time to extingu
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the will of One whom he saw guiding
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with arms?" asked the Protestant pr
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anxious thoughts. They were going t
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the deliberations, bringing with th
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Wittenberg movement, by soft measur
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hung the anathema of the Pope and t
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of notice that the first suggestion
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Christ our Lord help that it bear m
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emperor will journey as his many we
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nothing else but the sophists and P
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een the case from an early hour in
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earing the naked imperial sword, an
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nearly threw him headlong upon the
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The emperor's entry into Augsburg t
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the action to the words, he struck
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conscience." And they fortified the
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came to speak of the "new religion"
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Chapter 22 Luther in the Coburg and
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Empire would have been transferred
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It was well known how many places h
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down, and wrote to Wittenberg for h
Page 421 and 422: Prince of Darkness had brought all
Page 423 and 424: standing or its falling? As well mi
Page 425 and 426: character, and, what was infinitely
Page 427 and 428: Ferdinand? is it the Pope? is it th
Page 429 and 430: Protestants met in the apartments o
Page 431 and 432: priesthood. This was not a body Cat
Page 433 and 434: two hundred persons. It was seen th
Page 435 and 436: new Diet gave it a new triumph? Whe
Page 437 and 438: incorporeal, indivisible, infinite
Page 439 and 440: Article 7. confessed the CHURCH, "w
Page 441 and 442: civil justice, and the sphere of ho
Page 443 and 444: We have said that under the Fourth
Page 445 and 446: the sword. "We, therefore, teach th
Page 447 and 448: anything contrary to the canonical
Page 449 and 450: cause of the Reformation! The error
Page 451 and 452: Chapter 24 After the Diet of Augsbu
Page 453 and 454: hardly conceivable, were to apostat
Page 455 and 456: ehold the pulpit set up in the Diet
Page 457 and 458: It was the morning of the day follo
Page 459 and 460: true and obedient son," said the co
Page 461 and 462: the emperor, which he had prepared
Page 463 and 464: informed in their cause; and took t
Page 465 and 466: much to the emperor's satisfaction,
Page 467 and 468: went further; it provided for the r
Page 469 and 470: interpret Scripture. Thus they proc
Page 471: Chapter 25 Attempted Refutation of
Page 475 and 476: Some of the lay princes were the mo
Page 477 and 478: Cochlaeus, Jonas ranks in this clas
Page 479 and 480: Duke of Bavaria, addressing Eck, "c
Page 481 and 482: on grounds peculiar to himself. He
Page 483 and 484: We are compelled to ask, when we se
Page 485 and 486: Father: therefore am I certain that
Page 487 and 488: the Coburg, or rather the God-man a
Page 489 and 490: intended to fortify. It did not imp
Page 491 and 492: message was brought to him that som
Page 493 and 494: with which to extinguish it. He esp
Page 495 and 496: offers-loftier titles, larger terri
Page 497 and 498: that concerned the salvation of the
Page 499 and 500: to the old yoke of the Seven Hills,
Page 501 and 502: discipline and government of the Ch
Page 503 and 504: hung so heavily above his friends i
Page 505 and 506: his colleagues, and the work on whi
Page 507 and 508: deliverance came from another quart
Page 509 and 510: Chapter 27 A Retrospect from 1517 t
Page 511 and 512: speaking to them out of the darknes
Page 513 and 514: they have bowed to the authority of
Page 515 and 516: indeed his imagery would appear to
Page 517 and 518: to the movement as the Reformer him
Page 519 and 520: evoked the famous Protest of the Lu
Page 521 and 522: spirit of the age; his battles are
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on the 25th of June, 1530, the crow
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anything of the kind that Greece an
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splendor and crime, followed each o
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frames its law and policy according
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that there is a God, and that the B
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From the Diet of Worms to the Augsburg Confession - James Aitken Wylie

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