From the Diet of Worms to the Augsburg Confession - James Aitken Wylie

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contention was little else than a constant repetition of the words which he had written with chalk on the table-cover. Ecolampadius asked Luther whether he did not admit that there are figures of speech in the Bible, as "I am the door," "John is Elias," "God is a rock," "The rock was Christ." The words, "This is my body," he maintained, were a like figure of speech. Luther admitted that there were figures in the Bible, but denied that this was one of them. A figure we must hold them, responded Ecolampadius, otherwise Christ teaches contradictory propositions. In his sermon in the sixth chapter of St. John's Gospel, he says, "The flesh profiteth nothing;" but in the words of the institution of the Lord's Supper, literally interpreted, he says the flesh profiteth everything. The doctrine of the Lord's Supper, according to that exegesis, overthrows the doctrine of the sermon. Christ has one dogma for the multitude at Capernaum, and another dogma for his disciples in 294
the upper chamber. This cannot be; therefore the words "This is my body" must be taken figuratively. Luther attempted to turn aside the force of this argument by making a distinction. There was, he said, a material eating of Christ's flesh, and there was a spiritual eating of it. It was the former, the material eating, of which Christ declared that it profiteth nothing. A perilous line of argument for Luther truly! It was to affirm the spirituality of the act, while maintaining the materiality of the thing. Ecolampadius hinted that this was in effect to surrender the argument. It admitted that we were to eat spiritually, and if so we did not eat bodily, the material manducation being in that case useless. No, quickly retorted Luther, we are to eat bodily also. We are not to ask of what use. God has commanded it, and we are to do it. This was to come back to the point from which he had started; it was to reiterate, with a little periphrasis, the 295
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FROM THE DIET OF WORMS TO THE AUGSB
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forces of superstition and despotis
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prepared for that voice. All meaner
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defense? The very passions that war
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Zurich never moved a step till he h
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feel his insignificance in the pres
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eing driven out of Lombardy. And no
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Eschewing all show, he occupied him
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one Reformation by originating anot
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cultivated valleys spread out benea
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translating also the Old Testament
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Bible?-a meteor which would have sh
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inkstand, Luther hurled it at the u
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court of the elector was troubled,
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"little sallow tawny man" who excel
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stood neglected on their pedestals,
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And what did he put in the room of
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many of the youth of the University
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At Worms was the crisis of the Refo
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cardinal doctrines of revelation-th
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of heart, faith, charity, not at al
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Worms. The whole of Christendom was
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was finished. When at last, by dint
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princes. The Augustine convents sen
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"The impulse which the Reformation
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Adrian VI., when he cast his eyes o
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the preachers by his own authority,
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eginning his own reform, he demande
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long silently groaned under, but th
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y the devotion of the martyr. It wa
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Adrian of Rome, too, lived to hear
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the pilot proves his skill," says R
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painful mission when all others had
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proscribed in all the States of the
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in the retrospect like goodly twin
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ecclesiastical reforms, was to do a
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nought, and the excommunicated doct
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To Spires all eyes are now turned,
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pleasant residence, and often drew
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population of 70,000. This, in our
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A more precious possession still th
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social renovation. Nuremberg, which
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treasure and pouring out their bloo
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did, the trade of the one, and refi
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and married. The Reformation breaki
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gardens are still redolent of the M
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forming thus two divisions which lo
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and mirth burst out and overflowed
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display. Let us visit the dungeons
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he rested grazed the vertebrae of h
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The unhappy man when suspended in t
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Chapter 6 The Ratisbon League and R
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The success of the princes friendly
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July, to forbid the printing of Lut
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vigor the measures of Campeggio. Cl
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Reformation was developing peaceful
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To their amazement he made a bolder
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exclaimed Luther, on being told of
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approaching. On coming nearer, they
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Protestantism was the head of the h
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In the rear of the princes, and in
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the Word and the Sacraments, and, i
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necromantic influence in all its ob
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the thirteenth century. According t
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One passage at arms we must however
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was seated at dinner with the pasto
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which Melchior Adam has enunciated,
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yet able fully to occupy it. "I hav
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All was peace in the chamber where
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Chapter 8 War of the Peasants THE s
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towns were making rapid strides in
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It was at this hour that the Reform
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misinterpreted, into the democratic
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imagine him under some temptation t
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must exercise Christian submission,
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preceded by the tricolor-red, black
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Bavaria, and Wurtemberg as far as t
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discovered after the battle, hid in
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was long enough to permit him to ru
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that instant powerless. It lacked a
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Chapter 9 The Battle of Pavia and i
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kept them at almost perpetual feud.
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again to draw it back. The winter o
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all kings and princes might meet, i
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prosecuting the battle of the Papac
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While dreadful fulminations were co
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acceptable. Wenceslaus Link, of Nur
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ecame the faithful companion and he
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disappointed. Just as the tempest s
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monarch, while he swayed his scepte
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it adjourned to midsummer next year
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ank and challenge influence, must d
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helped too to make the popular tide
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spot he too would be of this mind-b
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practice of virtue as to the habit
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Chapter 11 The Sack of Rome WHAT we
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Charles to abolish no law, change n
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now in arms against the man who but
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was necessary there should be a law
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"Holy Father," who, contrary to all
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general carried with him a great ir
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contrivances innumerable. But the h
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"had Pontiff been proclaimed with s
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which centuries were needed to brin
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The way was prepared for the erecti
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the earth. On these old foundations
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their own pleasure-simply self-appo
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In providing for her order, the Chu
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and that if Zwingli, who had more s
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pulpit from which they preached the
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treachery. Luther would have gone f
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others placed themselves in the lis
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the chivalrous and resolute landgra
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on the infallibility of the Church.
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ut all believers, are to be built a
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different one was introduced. Who g
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The Church constitution of Hesse is
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its doctrines. It was the purity of
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he had been a monk himself. Nuns, i
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instructed to administer the Sacram
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marriage, in the majority of instan
Page 243 and 244: have believed, unless he had had pe
Page 245 and 246: Commandments, the Creed, the Lord's
Page 247 and 248: Chapter 14 Politics and Prodigies W
Page 249 and 250: heavens were contending in all thei
Page 251 and 252: aspirations of the Renaissance, for
Page 253 and 254: possible. He would convoke a Diet:
Page 255 and 256: While so many real dangers disturbe
Page 257 and 258: themselves they agreed to equip a f
Page 259 and 260: aptism and the Lord's Supper; that
Page 261 and 262: In the piles of these martyrs we he
Page 263 and 264: then followed the ecclesiastical el
Page 265 and 266: suspended legally the execution of
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Page 269 and 270: providing for the maintenance of th
Page 271 and 272: subjugated its last acre? and that
Page 273 and 274: the validity nor from the moral gra
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Page 277 and 278: an appeal. In that document they re
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Page 281 and 282: Chapter 16 Conference at Marburg TH
Page 283 and 284: Philip rush forward. We see in the
Page 285 and 286: Rome; they had said as a body what
Page 287 and 288: all the scattered forces of the Gos
Page 289 and 290: hand, willing to risk life rather t
Page 291 and 292: een intimate with Luther, and had n
Page 293: piece of chalk, and proceeding to t
Page 297 and 298: they again repaired to the public h
Page 299 and 300: we have Christ's authority in the s
Page 301 and 302: and point to the words "This is my
Page 303 and 304: "away with these mathematical novel
Page 305 and 306: of Mary." To all arguments and proo
Page 307 and 308: Luther; "Christ's words suffice for
Page 309 and 310: each go unhealed? It must. On the 1
Page 311 and 312: thousands. It had now reached the c
Page 313 and 314: elieve? Are not these strong bonds?
Page 315 and 316: This magnanimous avowal was not wit
Page 317 and 318: speaking his last word, he said, "W
Page 319 and 320: sectarianism again opened it. Luthe
Page 321 and 322: corresponding to the set of foes on
Page 323 and 324: Chapter 18 The Emperor, the Turk, a
Page 325 and 326: The Italians at the same moment bec
Page 327 and 328: firmament. Now it is from the regio
Page 329 and 330: threatened the Protestant Church. T
Page 331 and 332: Turk was at their hearths, and as n
Page 333 and 334: some whose gratitude was not so liv
Page 335 and 336: eye, and awaken the admiration of t
Page 337 and 338: not the least useful, of all the wo
Page 339 and 340: flattering hope that now he was on
Page 341 and 342: the Protestant deputies, who were a
Page 343 and 344: of that edict by the Diet of 1529;
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servants to go abroad, under pain o
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liberty, coming after, enter at the
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of Germany. 349
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epresentatives from the cities of S
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character, was not understood. All
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pictured the spiritual force ebbing
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without endorsing the judgment of t
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together alone when deep sleep rest
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discovered by the historian Ranke a
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own, and so tended to obscure the g
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not serve our turn; let us resort t
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over their heads, suspended by a si
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piazza, amid the debris of the stru
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and smite the enemies of the Church
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Chapter 20 Preparations for the Aug
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out of Charles's path that might pr
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He essayed a second time to extingu
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the will of One whom he saw guiding
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with arms?" asked the Protestant pr
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anxious thoughts. They were going t
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the deliberations, bringing with th
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Wittenberg movement, by soft measur
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hung the anathema of the Pope and t
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of notice that the first suggestion
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Christ our Lord help that it bear m
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emperor will journey as his many we
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nothing else but the sophists and P
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een the case from an early hour in
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earing the naked imperial sword, an
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nearly threw him headlong upon the
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The emperor's entry into Augsburg t
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the action to the words, he struck
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conscience." And they fortified the
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came to speak of the "new religion"
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Chapter 22 Luther in the Coburg and
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Empire would have been transferred
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It was well known how many places h
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down, and wrote to Wittenberg for h
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Prince of Darkness had brought all
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standing or its falling? As well mi
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character, and, what was infinitely
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Ferdinand? is it the Pope? is it th
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Protestants met in the apartments o
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priesthood. This was not a body Cat
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two hundred persons. It was seen th
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new Diet gave it a new triumph? Whe
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incorporeal, indivisible, infinite
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Article 7. confessed the CHURCH, "w
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civil justice, and the sphere of ho
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We have said that under the Fourth
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the sword. "We, therefore, teach th
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anything contrary to the canonical
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cause of the Reformation! The error
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Chapter 24 After the Diet of Augsbu
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hardly conceivable, were to apostat
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ehold the pulpit set up in the Diet
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It was the morning of the day follo
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true and obedient son," said the co
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the emperor, which he had prepared
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informed in their cause; and took t
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much to the emperor's satisfaction,
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went further; it provided for the r
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interpret Scripture. Thus they proc
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Chapter 25 Attempted Refutation of
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now gathered round him, "how shall
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Some of the lay princes were the mo
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Cochlaeus, Jonas ranks in this clas
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Duke of Bavaria, addressing Eck, "c
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on grounds peculiar to himself. He
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We are compelled to ask, when we se
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Father: therefore am I certain that
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the Coburg, or rather the God-man a
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intended to fortify. It did not imp
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message was brought to him that som
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with which to extinguish it. He esp
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offers-loftier titles, larger terri
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that concerned the salvation of the
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to the old yoke of the Seven Hills,
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discipline and government of the Ch
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hung so heavily above his friends i
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his colleagues, and the work on whi
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deliverance came from another quart
Page 509 and 510:
Chapter 27 A Retrospect from 1517 t
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speaking to them out of the darknes
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they have bowed to the authority of
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indeed his imagery would appear to
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to the movement as the Reformer him
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evoked the famous Protest of the Lu
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spirit of the age; his battles are
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on the 25th of June, 1530, the crow
Page 525 and 526:
anything of the kind that Greece an
Page 527 and 528:
splendor and crime, followed each o
Page 529 and 530:
frames its law and policy according
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that there is a God, and that the B
show all

From the Diet of Worms to the Augsburg Confession - James Aitken Wylie

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