Deep Work_ Rules for focused success in a distracted world ( PDFDrive.com )

* After Malcolm Gladwell popularized the idea of deliberate practice in his 2008 bestseller, Outliers: The Story of
Success, it became fashionable within psychology circles (a group suspicious, generally speaking, of all things
Gladwellian) to poke holes in the deliberate practice hypothesis. For the most part, however, these studies did not
invalidate the necessity of deliberate practice, but instead attempted to identify other components also playing a role
in expert performance. In a 2013 journal article, titled “Why Expert Performance Is Special and Cannot Be
Extrapolated from Studies of Performance in the General Population: A Response to Criticisms,” and published in
the journal Intelligence 45 (2014): 81–103, Ericsson pushed back on many of these studies. In this article, Ericsson
argues, among other things, that the experimental designs of these critical papers are often flawed because they
assume you can extrapolate the difference between average and above average in a given field to the difference
between expert and non-expert.